Application of analytical model in the prediction of dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers: Part II – Dynamic analysis of flexible risers in large-scale domain using a direct moment correction method

In recent years, the dynamic responses of flexible risers have been the focus of many researchers. Most flexible risers undergo a substantial level of irregular motion from environmental loadings, which involves a continuous slip of helical wires. The slip of helical wires especially leads to a hysteretic effect by reducing the bending stiffness, making it hard to predict the dynamic responses of flexible risers. The current study, as an extension to Part I, presents a new large-scale dynamic analysis method for flexible risers. The suggested method creates a large-scale model for the dynamic analysis that considers a geometric and bending nonlinearity of flexible risers. The kinematics of each beam element is formulated based on a Green-Lagrangian strain and the interaction with the seabed, providing a realistic analysis of flexible risers. In particular, the current study introduces a direct moment correction method that modifies the internal force vector using an improved analytical model. The improved analytical model is assigned at each node of the large-scale model and estimates an accurate bending hysteresis curve considering the effect of shear deformation and varying tension. The suggested method corrects the bending moment and shear force of all beam elements based on the bending hysteresis curves obtained from the improved analytical model, by which a complex bending behavior of flexible risers is reflected in a large-scale domain. As a result, this study achieves a more accurate prediction of the dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers. A new dynamic analysis program, called OPFLEX, is developed herein based on the suggested analysis method. Using the developed program, the current study conducts several numerical investigations to identify the effect of the shear deformation and varying tension. Consequently, it is confirmed that the shear deformation of internal layers reduces the fatigue damage of helical wires by delaying the increase of internal stress. It is also identified that the effect of varying tension deteriorates the fatigue life of flexible risers through a continuous change of contact pressure during bending.     

级配碎石重复加载动三轴试验仿真研究

为减少级配碎石重复加载动三轴试验量,采用Morh-Coulomb塑性模型,对级配碎石重复加载动三轴试验进行了有限元仿真,并对仿真结果用Pérez永久变形预估模型进行了拟合。结果表明:重复加载试验与其有限元仿真得到的永久变形发展规律相同,对仿真结果进行修正后,可用有限元仿真来代替部分室内重复加载试验。     

高纬度多年冻土区漠北公路路基变形特征分析

通过漠北公路沿线各试验段不同冻土条件和工程措施下各层土体沉降变形状况,分析东北高纬度岛状多年冻土区路基沉降变形主要发生土层部位及其破坏原因。分析结果表明:路基施工完成后早期路基变形较大,主要由工后不均匀沉降变形引起,变形主要由原天然地面下季节活动层的沉降压缩变形等引起,由于运营时间较短,由多年冻土融化引起的沉降变形很小。路基沉降变形主要发生在暖季,在冷季（11月~次年6月）路基基本保持稳定,变形很小。路基整体变形状况与冻土含冰量、冻土地温有一定的关系。高温多年冻土区比低温多年冻土区变形大。     

水泥混凝土路面粉质粘土路基永久变形及其预测

针对水泥混凝土路面与路基土永久变形之间的相互关系,从降低路面病害角度出发,分析水泥混凝土路面对路基性能的要求。并通过室内动三轴试验对水泥路面路基永久变形的形成机理和影响因素进行分析,基于NCHRP-37A模型,建立了相应的预估方法,以确定粉质粘土路基永久变形量。     

深基坑桩锚支护变形有限元分析

桩锚支护具有一系列优点,已成为基坑支护中最常用的方法之一。通过深圳某深基坑开挖过程的有限元数值模拟,得出了桩体水平位移、桩后土体沉降的变化规律,并将计算位移值与实际监测结果相比较,验证了有限元数值模拟的合理性,为深圳某深基坑支护提供了重要依据。     

沥青路面永久变形设计方程研究

对于半刚性基层、刚性基层、柔性基层、组合式基层的沥青路面典型结构,计算出不同季节时不同深度处沥青混合料的温度和动模量,采用分层总和法计算出路面总永久变形,计算出平均塑性应变点的深度和弹性应变,并在路面总永久变形和季节平均气温、面层厚度、平均塑性应变点的弹性应变以及标准轴载累积作用次数间建立了回归公式,相关系数（R2）均在0.93以上,最后建立了沥青路面永久变形预估方法。结果表明,可以利用本文的方法来代替分层总和法预估沥青路面的永久变形,但前者更简单实用。     

岩沥青改性沥青路面性能研究

根据岩沥青改性沥青混合料室内试验的力学参数,采用力学经验法对岩沥青改性沥青路面长期性能进行预估,结果表明岩沥青改性沥青可以显著提高沥青路面的高温稳定性,改善路面性能。     

基于GM（1，1）模型的高速公路边坡变形预测

基于边坡变形监测信息具有一定的灰色特征,应用灰色系统理论的原理和方法,建立了边坡变形预测等步长与非等步长GM（1,1）预测模型。采用GM（1,1）模型对衡桂高速公路某典型边坡段测斜管监测变形监测数据进行预测,预测结果与实测结果较为一致,表明了本文建立的灰色预测模型具有较好的可行性和适用性。     

葑溪大桥施工控制

为了保证葑溪大桥的施工安全和质量,根据预应力混凝土斜拉桥悬臂浇筑和支架现浇非对称施工特点,建立施工控制计算模型,探讨影响主梁线形及斜拉索索力的因素,并制定相应控制措施,对主梁线形、内力、索力、牵索挂篮应力和变形进行有效监控.施工控制结果表明:成桥状态下,主桥轴线实测标高、桥梁应力状态、成桥索力均满足设计要求,挂篮在施工过程中的应力状态及变形情况与试验变化趋势基本一致.     

采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型预测古树屋边坡变形

基于预测拟合值和实际监测值的相对误差划分不同的预测状态,利用马尔可夫链对灰色GM(1,1)预测值进行修正,计算得到边坡变形的范围和相应的预测值。以古树屋开挖边坡为研究对象,利用耦合模型对其变形进行预测,得到边坡的变形预测值为57.006 0 mm,预测的变形范围大小在56.845 8～61.755 4 mm之间。实例分析结果表明:与线性回归模型以及单纯灰色模型预测结果比较,采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型对开挖边坡变形进行预测的结果精度较好,且能较准确地预测边坡变形大小的范围。