Promoting Cycling for Transport: Research Needs and Challenges

Abstract

Near future travel-time information is one of the most critical factors that travellers consider before making trip decisions. In efforts to provide more reliable future travel-time estimations, transportation engineers have examined various techniques developed in the last three decades. However, there have not been sufficiently systematic and through reviews so far. In order to effectively support various transportation strategies and applications including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is necessary to apply appropriate forecasting methods for matching circumstances in a timely manner. This paper conducts a comprehensive review study focusing on literatures, including modern techniques proposed recently, related to travel time and traffic condition predictions that are based on ‘data-driven' approaches. Based on the underlying mechanisms and theoretical principles, different approaches are categorized as parametric (linear regression and time series) and non-parametric approaches (artificial intelligence and pattern searching). Then, the approaches are analysed for their strengths, potential weaknesses, and performances from five main perspectives that are prediction range, accuracy, efficiency, applicability, and robustness.     

Transition between Signal Timing Plans: A Methodological and Analytical Overview

Abstract

The transition phase is generally defined as the process of switching from one timing plan to another; this process may include changes in offset, phase split or cycle length until coordination for a new timing plan is reached once again. As noted in the literature, transition phases between timing plans may lead to severe disruptions of traffic flow, resulting in potentially lasting effects. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review, classify and analyse the literature regarding transition between different timing plans to highlight existing research gaps and give researchers a starting point to continue contributing with solutions to the transition problem. Regarding transition approaches, a gap concerning mathematical approaches was deemed significant as a transition could be greatly benefited by simultaneously optimising more than one operational measure of effectiveness through multi-objective mathematical models. Moreover, in the analysis of applied approaches, Shortway algorithms generally outperformed other practical methods under different scenarios.     

澧水特大桥索塔基坑岩溶病害处治方法研究

张家界至花垣高速公路地处湘西北,是湖南省高速公路网规划“五纵七横”路网中—长沙浏阳（赣湘界）至花垣（湘渝界）高速公路的重要组成部分.受水文地质环境的限制,在西部山区修建高速公路时,常常会遇到一些岩溶病害问题.首先,以张花高速公路中的澧水特大悬索桥索塔基础基坑为工程实例,深入探讨了该特大桥索塔基础基坑岩溶病害发育特点,并以此为基础,对基坑侧壁及基底岩溶的稳定性进行了分析评价.其次,根据澧水特大悬索桥索塔基础基坑岩溶实际分布情况,提出了岩溶及溶缝处治基本原则,进而得到了索塔左基坑岩溶病害处理方案.最后,通过承载力试验及补钻孔取芯的方法对处治效果进行了检测,结果表明：处治后的基坑基底地质情况良好,满足设计要求,证明本文岩溶病害处治方案是合理可行的,可以为类似的工程提供有力参考.     

基于目的论的好莱坞电影片名翻译策略初探

全球化趋势下,好莱坞电影作为美国大众文化代表在世界范围内流行,不仅创造了巨大的经济利益,而且传播了美国文化。能够令国人接受和理解的片名翻译对影片的成功也显得尤为重要,本文以目的论为理论依据对好莱坞电影片名翻译应考虑的要素和常见的翻译方法进行初步的探究,并对译者的要求提出若干建议。     

港口航道及治河工程专业实践教学模式的研究

以港航专业实训教学中存在的弊端为基础,探索单一案例教学的实训教学模式,提高实训教学的工程结合度,提高学生的动手能力及学习兴趣,加强知识结构的整体性及连贯性,提高实践教学质量。     

高职院校航海技术专业实践技能培养途径探讨

实践技能培养是高职教育的特色与关键。高职院校航海技术专业具有实践性强的特征,决定了其专业能力培养应以实际操作为主,应从强化实践教学环节、改善航海类专业实践教学条件、加强实操评估训练与考核、完善学生上船顶岗实习培养机制等方面加以提高。     

发动机渗漏气体及其检测

气缸压力降低是造成车辆行驶无力，油耗增加的主要原因。为了准确地测出故障部位，可在测量完气缸压力后，针对压力低的气缸，采取简易的就车检查方法进行确诊。根椐气缸漏气量（率）检测仪结构与工作原理，文章介绍了采用压缩空气检查发动机渗漏部位、检测方法和检测参数标准；同时以曲轴箱窜气为例，进行发动机渗漏气体的检测。通过检测结果再对其使用、维修和配件质量等情况进行具体的分析和判断，找出故障根源予以修复。     

客运专线桥上无缝道岔设计方法研究

研究目的:桥上无缝道岔设计已成为客运专线的关键技术之一.目前国内桥上无缝道岔研究刚刚起步,尚未形成系统计算理论和设计方法.开展桥上无缝道岔计算理论和设计方法研究,具有重要理论和现实意义.本文旨在建立一种桥上无缝道岔计算模型和计算方法,提出桥上无缝道岔设计流程和设计方法,探索我国无缝道岔技术发展方向.研究结论:引进技术和自主创新相结合,在消化吸收国外先进设计理念的基础上,初步建立了桥上无缝道岔设计方法和设计体系,为桥上无缝道岔设计提供依据.本文建立的"岔-梁-墩一体化"计算模型能够真实反应道岔和桥梁的相互作用,桥上无缝道岔设计方法具有很强的可操作性,研究成果对于我国客运专线桥上无缝道岔设计和施工有重要指导意义.     

树脂合成轨枕的测试与应用

树脂合成轨枕是一种新型轨枕材料，在我国首次使用。重点对树脂合成轨枕的检测方法、质量控制标准、铺设、修补和钉固等施工工艺做了阐述。将树脂合成轨枕的使用功能与木枕、混凝土轨枕进行对比分析，无论是性能、环境保护还是从长远经济角度看，树脂合成轨枕都是值得推广的一种新型轨枕材料。     

跨部门作业成本法在现代船舶制造企业的应用

针对中间产品生产过程发生的跨部门作业,依据作业中心权重分配作业耗费资源,给出改进的作业成本计算方法。计算结果显示,该方法准确计算作业中心跨部门作业的资源耗费,便于职能部门对同一部门不同作业中心在跨部门作业状态下的作业进行准确的资源与成本计算,为工时薪酬控制提供依据。