中国到港船舶压载水中致病菌分析及检测

船舶压载水是海洋外来致病细菌传播的主要途径。对国内各沿海港口到港国际船舶的压载水中致病细菌的组成和检测方法进行对比分析。结果表明:国内各港口到港船舶的压载水中都有致病菌检出,主要类群为弧菌属(vibrio)、气单胞菌属(aeromonas)和大肠埃希氏菌(escherichia coli)等;船舶压载水和沉积物均在不同程度上携有致病菌。此外,综合分析船舶压载水致病菌的各种检测方法及其优缺点。     

电动二轮车驾驶人头部损伤再现不确定性方法

为了减少交通事故中不确定性信息在受伤害者损伤再现中造成的不利影响,采用拉丁超立方(LHS)试验设计和响应面蒙特卡洛相结合的方法对电动二轮车驾驶人头部损伤再现进行损伤不确定性分析。首先采用多体系统动力学方法对具有详细事故信息(含视频信息)和损伤记录的2起电动二轮车事故中的汽车碰撞速度进行再现和不确定性分析,并对比事故信息(视频信息、最终位置、电动二轮车驾驶人的运动学),进而验证事故再现结果的有效性。在此基础上,应用有限元方法将获得的电动二轮车驾驶人头部碰撞的边界条件加载至THUMS人体头部有限元模型,分析电动二轮车驾驶人头部损伤参数的不确定性与简明损伤准则AIS累计频率的分布关系,并对比电动二轮车事故案例中电动二轮车驾驶人的头部损伤法医鉴定记录。研究结果表明:蒙特卡洛不确定性分析方法能够较准确地预测电动二轮车事故中的汽车碰撞车速,采用该分析方法获得的电动二轮车驾驶人头部损伤等级与法医鉴定的脑部损伤记录高度吻合;蒙特卡洛不确定性分析方法可以适用于评估电动二轮车事故中电动二轮车驾驶人的头部损伤等级,研究结果可为电动二轮车驾驶人头部损伤研究提供理论依据和实证方法。     

基于数据预处理的铁路客运量灰色预测模型

铁路是国家的基础设施,对铁路的客运量进行准确地预测具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。首先对传统预测方法进行了分析,指出它们在运量预测中的不足,进而提出应用灰预测进行运量预测的优势。结合滑动平均法对灰预测方法进行了改进,同时考虑初始条件的改变。在预测2006-2010年全社会客运总量的基础上,根据铁路客运在各种运输方式中所占的份额预测2006-2010年的铁路客运总量。     

高速公路计重收费系统质量检验评定办法的研究

计重收费是一种新的收费管理模式,研究制定高速公路计重收费系统的质量检验评定办法及标准,对顺利实施计重收费具有指导性作用.     

Multi-criteria analysis of transport infrastructure projects

Planning, construction and operation of transport infrastructure are associated with a multitude of adverse effects on the environment. The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) are important legal instruments of the European Union's environmental policy that allows for identifying, predicting, preventing, and mitigating and or compensating for these adverse effects. As part of the environmental impact assessment, variants of planned activities and investment projects are considered in order to select the option, which is the most favourable from the environmental point of view. The primary goal of this work is to examine the possibility of using multi-criteria methods in order to select the route variant most favourable for the environment. In the first stage, a review of global literature from 2010 to 2019 was conducted on the subject of MCDM/MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Making/Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) methods used in transportation. Based on the review, it was proven that the most popular methods used to solve multi-criteria decision problems in the field of transport are respectively: AHP with modifications, TOPSIS, DEMATEL, as well as methods encompassed in the so-called European trend, i.e. PROMETHEE and ELECTRE. Four selected methods were used in the empirical part of this work. They were used to select the variant of the expressway section in north-eastern Poland and compare the result of the analysis with the choice made in the analyzed environmental impact report.     

Big data in public transportation: a review of sources and methods

ABSTRACT

The collection of big data, as an alternative to traditional resource-intensive manual data collection approaches, has become significantly more feasible over the past decade. The availability of such data, coupled with more sophisticated predictive statistical techniques, has contributed to an increase in attention towards the application of these data, particularly for transportation analysis. Within the transportation literature, there is a growing emphasis on developing sources of commonly collected public transportation data into more powerful analytical tools. A commonly held belief is that application of big data to transportation problems will yield new insights previously unattainable through traditional transportation data sets. However, there exist many ambiguities related to what constitutes big data, the ethical implications of big data collection and application, and how to best utilize the emerging data sets. The existing literature exploring big data provides no clear and consistent definition. While the collection of big data has grown and its application in both research and practice continues to expand, there is a significant disparity between methods of analysis applied to such data. This paper summarizes the recent literature on sources of big data and commonly applied methods used in its application to public transportation problems. We assess predominant big data sources, most frequently studied topics, and methodologies employed. The literature suggests smart card and automated data are the two big data sources most frequently used by researchers to conduct public transit analyses. The studies reviewed indicate that big data has largely been used to understand transit users’ travel behavior and to assess public transit service quality. The techniques reported in the literature largely mirror those used with smaller data sets. The application of more advanced statistical methods, commonly associated with big data, has been limited to a small number of studies. In order to fully capture the value of big data, new approaches to analysis will be necessary.     

郑西客运专线大断面黄土隧道施工方法研究

文章结合郑西客运专线大断面黄土隧道设计、施工及科研情况,从沉降变形控制、施工进度、机械配套等方面对双侧壁导洞、CRD、CD、弧形导洞等4种工法进行了比选分析,提出了与不同工况相适应的工法以及施工要点,可供参考和借鉴。     

象山水上旅游安全监管不容忽视

从建筑结构常规设计方法入手,提出常规设计方法存在的问题,进而引入上部结构与地基基础共同作用的概念,简要介绍共同作用的分析方法,并重点介绍了其中的子结构法。     

高校管理信息化建设初探

文章对目前高校管理信息化的现状进行了分析，阐述了高校管理信息化建设的必要性，同时对高校管理信息化建设中存在的问题提出了较为科学的解决途径和建设策略。