关于X6A型集装箱平车脱轨原因含析及对策

通过对X6A、型集装箱平车技术结构特点、发生典型脱轨事故案例以及运用检修过程中发生的典型故障进行了分析,探讨了导致脱轨事故的原因,并提出了相应的改进建议.     

实心车轴单轮对的脱轨试验与数字仿真

从轮轨关系的角度介绍实心车轴单轮对脱轨的研究现状及脱轨的数字仿真分析。在准静态条件下,在全尺滚动试验台上进行了试验,研究了轮对冲角以及作用于爬轨侧轮缘和非爬轨侧轮缘上的垂向载荷的比率等参数对试验结果的影响。本文在试验结果的基础上,分析了现有的一些评判脱轨的准则,并提出了2个新的评判准则。建立了一个基于爬轨过程的轮轨接触数学模型,并利用数字仿真结果与实测试验的结果对比,验证了该模型的正确性。     

HX_D3B型机车动力学试验问题的分析及解决方案

针对HXD3B型机车动力学试验中出现脱轨系数和轮轴横向力超标的问题进行判断与分析,认为与二系钢簧挠度过小有关,导致机车在试验中机车动力学性能对车钩力较为敏感;通过动力学计算分析,提出了机车自稳钩力评价的办法,通过改进弹簧设计解决出现的问题。     

车辆脱轨的耦合动力学分析

本文应用车辆－轨道系统耦合动力学理论，对车辆经过一段由缓－圆－缓组成的线路进行了车辆的脱轨稳定性分析。通过对车辆在耦合动力学模型与传统车辆动力学模型下脱轨道稳定性之分析比较，指出了进行车辆脱轨的耦合动力学分析必要性。     

侧向撞击作用下U形梁抗倾覆稳定性与失效模式

在对国内外相关规范关于桥梁抗倾覆稳定性计算方法与脱轨荷载调查分析的基础上,计算了U形梁在保持抗倾覆稳定性下的最大侧向碰撞荷载,对比了欧洲规范EN 1991-1-7:2006和TB 10002-2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》中U形梁的抗倾覆稳定性计算式。基于有限元分析方法对腹板侧向承载力进行仿真分析,明确了U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式。研究结果表明:2种规范计算得到的最大侧向碰撞荷载有所差异,但均大于3.5 MN;列车脱轨情况下的脱轨荷载模式和作用位置对U形梁抗倾覆稳定性的影响显著;U形梁跨中区域加载侧的底板和腹板在侧向位移加载模式下发生了大面积塑性损伤,腹板还发生了明显的侧向变形;U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式表现为腹板侧向承载力达到极限而发生破坏,通过拟静力分析确定U形梁腹板侧向极限承载力为1.5 MN,结构整体不会倾覆失稳。在设计和使用阶段应对U形梁腹板的损伤和承载力评估予以重点关注。     

Dynamic performances of an innovative coupler used in heavy haul trains

An innovative structure for a heavy haul coupler with an arc surface contact and restoring bumpstop is proposed. This coupler has a small lateral force at a small yaw angle and a limitable yaw angle to ensure an allowable coupler lateral force under intense compressive force. The main structural characteristic of the combined contact coupler is a lateral movable follower with an appropriate friction coefficient of 0.06–0.08 and a slide block with a single freedom of longitudinal movement. In order to verify and simulate the performances, a multi-body dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability and wheel set lateral forces were tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the coupler performances. The combined contact coupler is suitable for heavy haul train for a good dynamic performance.     

横风作用时间对高速客车直线运行安全性的影响

基于车辆/轨道耦合动力学原理,建立了横风作用下的车辆/轨道耦合动力学模型。模型中,车辆系统采用两系悬挂共35个自由度的多刚体动力学模型。轨道系统采用3层连续弹性离散点支承模型。用赫兹接触理论计算轮轨法向力,用沈氏理论计算轮轨滚动接触蠕滑力,并用显式积分法求解系统运动方程。横风由作用在车体中心的气动升力、侧力和倾覆力矩来模拟。通过数值计算,得到了横风作用下高速客车直线运行的系统动态响应,分析了不同横风作用时间对运行安全性的影响。结果显示,随着横风作用时间的增长,车辆脱轨系数、轮重减载率乃至倾覆系数迅速增大,车辆运行安全性不断降低。     

Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

基于Kriging代理模型的高速列车悬挂参数的区间优化

针对高速列车悬挂设计参数难以选定的问题,提出一种基于Kriging代理模型的高速列车悬挂参数区间优化的方法.采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法确定仿真数据样本得到动力学仿真数据,利用偏最小二乘方法确定影响脱轨系数的主要悬挂参数,进而建立基于设计参数与仿真数据Kriging代理模型,以此模型实现悬挂参数区间优化.最后以CRH某型动车组悬挂参数为例进行了验证性优化分析,结果表明该方法正确可行.     

The stability and mechanical characteristics of heavy haul couplers with restoring bumpstop

To investigate the stability and mechanical characteristics of a type of heavy haul coupler with restoring bumpstop, the geometry and force states of couplers were analysed at different yaw angles and the longitudinal forces. The structural characteristics of this coupler were summarised. To aid in the investigation, a multi-body dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability and lateral forces were tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the locomotive's wheelset lateral forces. The results show that only when the bumpstop force exceeds half of the coupler longitudinal compression force, can the follower be rotated and the yaw angle of the coupler increase. The bumpstop preload is the most important stabilising factor. The coupler lateral force is constant when the coupler longitudinal force is smaller than the critical values of 2000, 1400 and 1150 kN at coupler free angles of 7°, 8° and 9°, respectively, for operation on straight track. The coupler free angle and the locomotive's lateral clearance of the secondary stopper are important in decreasing the wheelset lateral forces of the locomotive. It is advised that a smaller locomotive's secondary lateral suspension stiffness, a free clearance of 35 mm and an elastic clearance of 15 mm from the secondary lateral stopper be selected. If the coupler's free angle is less than the self-stabilising angle which is 5.5° for operation on straight track, the coupler is stable no matter how great the longitudinal force is. The wheelset lateral forces are allowed at the coupler longitudinal force of 2500 kN when the free angle is 6°. These studies establish meaningful improvements for the stability of couplers and match the heavy haul locomotive with its suspension parameters.