The stability and mechanical characteristics of heavy haul couplers with restoring bumpstop

To investigate the stability and mechanical characteristics of a type of heavy haul coupler with restoring bumpstop, the geometry and force states of couplers were analysed at different yaw angles and the longitudinal forces. The structural characteristics of this coupler were summarised. To aid in the investigation, a multi-body dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability and lateral forces were tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the locomotive's wheelset lateral forces. The results show that only when the bumpstop force exceeds half of the coupler longitudinal compression force, can the follower be rotated and the yaw angle of the coupler increase. The bumpstop preload is the most important stabilising factor. The coupler lateral force is constant when the coupler longitudinal force is smaller than the critical values of 2000, 1400 and 1150 kN at coupler free angles of 7°, 8° and 9°, respectively, for operation on straight track. The coupler free angle and the locomotive's lateral clearance of the secondary stopper are important in decreasing the wheelset lateral forces of the locomotive. It is advised that a smaller locomotive's secondary lateral suspension stiffness, a free clearance of 35 mm and an elastic clearance of 15 mm from the secondary lateral stopper be selected. If the coupler's free angle is less than the self-stabilising angle which is 5.5° for operation on straight track, the coupler is stable no matter how great the longitudinal force is. The wheelset lateral forces are allowed at the coupler longitudinal force of 2500 kN when the free angle is 6°. These studies establish meaningful improvements for the stability of couplers and match the heavy haul locomotive with its suspension parameters.     

Three-dimensional derailment analysis of crashed freight trains

In this paper, the collision-induced derailment of freight trains was investigated. The collision between two identical freight trains occurring on a curved path rather than along a straight line was investigated. This is because from the point of view of safety against derailment this collision scenario is thought to be more critical than the scenarios defined in the European standard EN 15227. In this work, one of the trains is stationary and the other moving train collides at 36 km/h. Two kinds of container wagons were simulated. One is the two-axle freight wagon Kls 442. Another is the freight wagon Rmms 662 with two Y25 bogies. Simulation results demonstrate that in terms of safety against derailment the bogie wagon Rmms 662 was found to have better behaviour than the two-axle wagon Kls 442. In addition, this study points out that there are many contributory factors to the responses of freight wagons during a collision, such as curve radius, distance between bogie pivots and loading mass. The derailment phenomenon is less likely to occur, when freight trains collide on the curve with a larger radius. Besides that the characteristics of freight wagons with large axle loads, low centre of gravity of car body and appropriate static strength are favourable for the collided wagons in reducing the risk of derailment.     

厦深铁路榕江特大桥列车运行稳定性试验研究

厦深铁路榕江特大桥为孔跨布置（110＋2×220＋110）m的钢桁梁柔性拱桥，桥面系为正交异性钢桥面系、有砟轨道，采用剪力法测试货物列车在桥上、路基、钢轨伸缩器3种不同位置的轮轨力，对货物列车运行稳定性指标进行计算分析和评判，验证了该桥梁运营的安全性；分析货物列车运行稳定性指标与速度的关系，揭示了轮对横向力、列车脱轨系数和轮重减载率的最大值随着车速的提高而增大的现象；对相同速度下货物列车通过不同轨道基础的运行稳定性指标进行比较，提出应特别重视钢轨伸缩调节器位置轨道结构的日常管养的建议；结合联调联试测试结果，对比分析货物列车和动车通过各测试工点的稳定性，结果表明动车组运行稳定性优于货物列车；试验也验证了本文设计的轮轨力标定加力架设计合理、使用方便。     

Dynamic performance of high-speed train passing windbreak breach under unsteady crosswind

Field test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method are conducted to investigate the safety of high-speed train under unsteady crosswind. Wheel–rail forces of high-speed train passing a breach between two windbreaks under strong crosswind are measured in a field test. The derailment coefficient of first wheelset of front car at the windward side reaches the allowable value. Meanwhile, the left and right of lateral wheel–rail force are in the opposite direction. This kind of phenomenon has not been tested before. Therefore, CFD and multi-body simulations are performed in order to study the phenomena. Good agreement is obtained between the simulation results and the experimental data. It is concluded that the sudden increase of transient aerodynamic loads, when the train passing the breach, is the root of this phenomenon; after running along the same direction as carbody and bogie run along the opposite direction during the high-speed train passing the windbreak breach; larger opposite longitudinal creeping forces of first wheelset compel the first wheelset to yaw toward the windward side; meanwhile, larger lateral wheel–rail forces compel the first wheelset to run toward the windward side rail; the left and right lateral wheel–rail forces become opposite because the right wheel impacts the windward side rail.     

日常监控脱轨系数的方法

介绍了采用非接触式位移传感器代替测力轮对,测试脱轨系数的方法。     

Analysis of train derailment after hitting the pier of tongling yangtze river bridge combined road with railwayEI北大核心

Research purposes: Precise prediction for mechanical behavior of the bridge under ship collision force is important to assess the analysis of train derailment after hitting the pier. This paper focuses on the Tongling Yangtze River Bridge Combined Road with Railway for ship collision simulation, uses the nonlinear finite element software of ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate the ship's bow section of 10000 t and 5000 t class hitting bridge tower column at front and axle to 20° of side in highest navigable water level, conventional navigable water level and the minimum navigable water level. Curves of collision force-period at different working conditions are summarized. On this basis, when the impact load affects as input loads, the displacement and acceleration response can be used by finite element analysis under the collision and study the dynamic response of the bridge caused by a train derailment risk. Research conclusions: (1) The impact force of the bridge is largest when a laden ship is hitting the pier at the highest navigable water level. In the most unfavorable condition, the collision have lardge impact on bridge structure and derailment risk of trains. (2) The transverse acceleration of the girder on the top of 2# pier can reach to 0.922 m/s2, but it does not exceed acceleration excitation limit (1 m/s2) when 3# piers are hitted by the 10000 t ship at the peak load of collision, so the probability of train derailment is minimal. (3) Based on the probability formula of the derailment by simplifying risk criteria, the derailment probability of train is 9×10-5~1.5×10-4 during the ship-bridge collision. (4) The research results can provide the reference for train traffic safety on railway bridge caused by ship collisions.     

铁路货车脱轨事故风险评价研究

综合应用安全系统工程的方法论,提出现阶段铁路货车安全评价的方法,在此基础上对影响货车脱轨的因素进行了全面细致的分析归类,应用层次分析法及模糊综合评价法建立了货车脱轨定量评价模型,并进行了实例分析。     

不足位移对高速道岔动力特性的影响

为揭示道岔不足位移对高速行车的影响,根据高速道岔、列车的结构特点、力学特性和相互作用关系,建立车辆-道岔耦合动力学模型,并以高速列车直向350km/h、侧向80km/h通过350km/h客运专线18号无砟道岔为例,分析不同不足位移情形下车辆和道岔的动力学特性。结果表明:尖轨、心轨不足位移对列车动轮载、钢轨动应力影响较小,对轮缘力、车体横向加速度、轮重减载率、脱轨系数影响较大;不足位移会严重影响高速列车直、侧向过岔的舒适性及安全性,影响高速道岔正常工作状态;牵引转换设计时,应严格控制道岔尖轨、心轨不足位移。     

铜陵公铁两用长江大桥船撞引起列车脱轨分析

研究目的:准确测算船撞作用下桥梁的结构动力响应,对评估因船—桥碰撞后桥梁响应而引起的列车脱轨分析具有重要意义。本文围绕铜陵公铁两用长江大桥论述船撞桥墩引起列车脱轨分析的一般流程,首先通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元软件模拟10 000 t级与5 000 t级船舶在最高、常规以及最低通航水位下满载正撞和侧桥向20°撞击桥梁的主塔和辅助墩,得出在各船撞工况下碰撞力-时程曲线。然后将船舶撞击时程曲线作为动力荷载输入至整桥有限元模型中,计算桥梁结构关键部位尤其是主梁的横向位移和加速度响应。研究结论:(1)在最高通航水位下,船舶满载正撞桥墩产生的撞击力最大;在该最不利工况下,撞击作用对桥梁结构动力响应以及列车的脱轨风险具有较大影响;(2)当3#主塔受到10 000 t级船舶撞击时,导致2#桥墩墩顶主梁的横向加速度达到0.922 m/s2,未超过列车脱轨加速度临界限制1 m/s2,列车脱轨概率极小;(3)通过简化的风险标准导出脱轨概率公式计算表明,该桥遭受到船舶撞击时,其列车的脱轨概率为9×10-5~1.5×10-4;(4)本文的研究结果可供航道上铁路桥梁因船舶撞击导致列车通行安全性研究参考。     

关于检测铁道车辆爬轨脱轨趋势的研究

介绍了运用缩小比例模型车辆进行再现脱轨试验的有关情况。根据测试、分析试验用车辆动力学的结果,建立了一种判定算法,用于既有线车辆低速条件下爬轨脱轨的趋势检测。