根据车轮抬升量评判车辆脱轨的方法与准则

分析比较了目前国际上常用的车辆脱轨评价标准的特点及其不足，指出我国现行国家标准GB5599-85评判车辆脱轨所存在的突出问题，在此基础上提出直接根据车轮抬升量评判脱轨的原理与方法，运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，对单轮对爬轨脱轨和跳轨脱轨过程进行了计算仿真，得出脱轨系数超限时间与车轮抬升量之间的关系，提出最大允许超限时间为35ms的安全准则，并进行了实际线路工况下整车轮轨相互作用脱轨仿真验证，最后提出针对我国车辆脱轨评判的建议标准及其实施细则。     

Dynamic simulations of the freight three-piece bogie motion in curve

A loaded freight vehicle with two three-piece bogies is modelled using the accessible mathematical software MATLAB. The results are compared with its corresponding ADAMS/Rail dynamic multibody simulation model, where similar derailment factors are encountered for the freight vehicle. Both models reveal that the possibility of derailment increases immediately after entering and at the end of the curve – signifying the beginning and the end of the curve as two major points for derailment. Although a three-piece bogie construction is rather simple, its mathematical model proves to be very complex and is nonlinear due to the reported frictional contact at the rail/wheel interface as well as the friction wedges. This research is stimulated by bogie derailments that have occurred in the Iranian railways as well as those in the rest of the world.     

桥上列车脱轨的力学机理、能量随机分析理论及其应用

总结了国内外现有桥上列车脱轨研究中的主要问题。基于物理概念，提出了桥上列车脱轨的力学机理，进一步提出了桥上列车脱轨能量随机分析理论，其主要内容包括：列车脱轨几何准则；能反映轮轨接触状态及相对位移的列车桥梁时变系统空间振动方程组的建立；此系统横向振动激振源的确定；此系统随机横向振动的计算方法；评判列车是否脱轨的能量增量准则。计算了6个桥上列车是否脱轨实例，计算结果均与实际符合，证明这个理论有一定正确性。     

计算机仿真评价机车车辆低速抗爬轨能力

介绍了英国1998年颁布的铁道机车车辆抗爬轨和倾覆能力标准GM/RT2141。采用该标准计算了一辆在惰行工况下的四轴机车的低速抗爬轨性能，并与采用美国6级线路不平顺的计算进行了比较，结果表明：英国标准GM/RT2141可以评价铁道机车车辆在小半径曲线上的低速抗爬轨能力；在计算中采用实际线路不平顺更可靠。     

The mechanism for the coupler and draft gear and its influence on safety during a train collision

A mechanical model of the coupler and draft gear was established to study the mechanism during an intercity train collision. The model includes four rigid bodies, one spherical joint, two nonlinear torsion spring units and two nonlinear hysteresis units. Simulation and test results show that the axial characteristics of the model are reasonable and the model can reasonably simulate the pitching movement of the coupler. The influence of the coupler and draft gear on the collision behaviour of the train is analysed considering a four-section intercity train. The results show that during the collision process, the amount of compression of the middle coupler is an important factor influencing the pitching deflection angle. The pitching motion posture of the coupler changes with the initial pitching deflection angle, but the initial pitching deflection angle has little effect on its yawing deflection angle. When the pitching angle of the middle coupler is elevated, as the elevation angle increases, the derailment risk of the ‘A’ end bogie of the previous vehicle increases, whereas the risk of derailment of the ‘B’ end bogie of the subsequent vehicle decreases. When the pitching angle of the middle coupler is depressed, the derailment trends for the front and rear bogies exhibit the opposite trend from that of the elevation angle. As the train collision speed increases, the pitching motion of the middle coupler is limited to forcing a yawing motion, causing the yawing deflection angle to increase sharply, which causes the wheel–rail lateral force to increase rapidly. From this, the derailment risk of the bogie increases, which further causes large displacement lateral buckling of the train. An anti-lateral buckling device can limit the yawing deflection angle of the middle coupler, preventing lateral buckling from large displacement and decreasing the risk of derailment.     

Study of the post-derailment safety measures on low-speed derailment tests

Prevention of train from derailment is the most important issue for the railway system. Keeping derailed vehicle close to the track centreline is beneficial to minimise the severe consequences associated with derailments. In this paper, the post-derailment safety measures are studied based on low-speed derailment tests. Post-derailment devices can prevent deviation of the train from the rail by catching the rail, and they are mounted under the axle box. Considering the different structures of vehicles, both trailer and motor vehicles are equipped with the safety device and then separately used in low-speed derailment tests. In derailment tests, two kinds of track, namely the CRTS-I slab ballastless track and the CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track, are adopted to investigate the effect of the track types on the derailment. In addition, the derailment speed and the weight of the derailed vehicle are also taken into account in derailment tests. The test results indicate that the post-derailment movement of the vehicle includes running and bounce. Reducing the derailment speed and increasing the weight of the head of the train are helpful to reduce the possibility for derailments. For the CRTS-I slab ballastless track, the safety device can prevent trailer vehicles from deviating from the track centreline. The gearbox plays an important role in controlling the lateral displacement of motor vehicle after a derailment while the safety device contributes less to keep derailed motor vehicles on the track centreline. The lateral distance between the safety device and rails should be larger than 181.5?mm for protecting the fasteners system. And for the CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track, it helps to decrease the post-derailment distance due to the longitudinal impacts with sleepers. It can also restrict the lateral movement of derailed vehicle due to the high shoulders. The results suggest that, CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track should be widely used in derailment prone areas.     

铁路货车脱轨安全性研究

C62货车是中国的主型货车,对其进行脱轨安全性研究对确保铁路安全生产有十分重要的意义,利用机车车辆系统动态仿真软件,建立C62货车的动力学计算模型,分析该车在直线上的蛇行运动稳定性及曲线上的通过性能,并着重分析了C62货车装载不全副理对行车安全的影响。     

铁路钢板梁桥上货物列车脱轨全过程仿真

基于列车脱轨能量随机分析理论,提出了桥上列车脱轨全过程的计算方法。根据此方法,对我国京山线老滦河桥及京广线黄河桥等2座钢板梁桥上的货物列车脱轨全过程进行计算,得出列车脱轨时的车-桥系统振动响应。研究结果表明:列车脱轨时,脱轨系数、轮重减载率及桥梁横向振幅都非常大,远远超过规范规定值;脱轨时间非常短,约在0.2 s以内。与有关文献研究结果一致。该方法对于桥上列车脱轨事故再现及预防具有一定现实意义。     

钢轨扣件失效对列车动态脱轨的影响

建立了非对称车辆/轨道耦合动力学模型,分析轨道扣件失效对车辆动态脱轨的影响,考虑离散轨枕支承对车辆/轨道耦合作用的影响,通过假设轨道系统刚度沿纵向分布发生突变来模拟扣件组失效状态,推导了考虑钢轨横向和垂向以及扭转运动的轮轨滚动接触蠕滑率计算公式,利用Hertz法向接触理论和沈氏蠕滑理论计算轮轨法向力及轮轨滚动接触蠕滑力,采用新型显式积分法求解车辆/轨道耦合动力学系统运动方程,通过数值分析计算,得到轮轨横垂向力之比、轮重减载率、脱轨危险状态的持续时间和轮对踏面上轮轨接触点位置的变化。连续5个钢轨扣件不同程度失效对列车动态脱轨的影响的数值模拟结果表明,如果失效因子从0.8增大到1.0,即钢轨扣件经历从接近完全松脱到完全松脱,钢轨扣件失效对列车动态脱轨影响呈指数规律。     

车辆脱轨、颠覆的机理及其安全性研究

分析了铁道车辆脱轨、颠覆事故的原因,着重介绍了车辆脱轨、颠覆安全性的研究动向.