国际铁路联盟规程UIC777-2及应用概述

当前,如何考虑列车脱轨撞击结构的作用是我国高速铁路站房设计中亟待解决的问题之一。国际铁路联盟标准方面出版物UIC规程,在国际上具有重要地位,欧洲规范中与铁路有关的条款制定,UIC规程是重要依据之一;我国也把UIC规程作为铁道行业标准的重点采纳标准。规程UIC777-2针对跨铁路线结构提出了在轨道区的设计要求,目标是提出合理的、可操作的方法来尽可能减少由于列车脱轨撞击跨线结构及邻线结构而引起的危害。就欧洲规范UIC777-2中的结构设计策略、设计方法及预防保护措施在欧洲的实际应用情况进行介绍,目的是适当吸取国际铁路联盟的有益经验,为进一步提出适用于我国高速铁路站房抵御高速列车脱轨撞击的设计方法奠定基础。     

Effect of curved track support failure on vehicle derailment

In order to investigate the effect of curved track support failure on railway vehicle derailment, a coupled vehicle–track dynamic model is put forward. In the model, the vehicle and the structure under rails are, respectively, modelled as a multi-body system, and the rail is modelled with a Timoshenko beam rested on the discrete sleepers. The lateral, vertical, and torsional deformations of the beam are taken into account. The model also considers the effect of the discrete support by sleepers on the coupling dynamics of the vehicle and track. The sleepers are assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. In the calculation of the coupled vehicle and track dynamics, the normal forces of the wheels/rails are calculated using the Hertzian contact theory and their creep forces are determined with the nonlinear creep theory by Shen et al [Z.Y. Shen, J.K. Hedrick, and J.A. Elkins, A comparison of alternative creep-force models for rail vehicle dynamic analysis, Proceedings of the 8th IAVSD Symposium, Cambridge, MA, 1984, pp. 591–605]. The motion equations of the vehicle/track are solved by means of an explicit integration method. The failure of the components of the curved track is simulated by changing the track stiffness and damping along the track. The cases where zero to six supports of the curved rails fail are considered. The transient derailment coefficients are calculated. They are, respectively, the ratio of the wheel/rail lateral force to the vertical force and the wheel load reduction. The contact points of the wheels/rails are in detail analysed and used to evaluate the risk of the vehicle derailment. Also, the present work investigates the effect of friction coefficient, axle load and vehicle speed on the derailments under the condition of track failure. The numerical results obtained indicate that the failure of track supports has a great influence on the whole vehicle running safety.     

On a New Method for Evaluation of Wheel Climb Derailment

In the paper, a new derailment index λ for evaluation of wheel climb derailment is proposed which is based on primary suspension forces. It is easy to apply because of its minimum criterion characteristic and can also be applied to explain the reason why wheel climb derailments are almost always accompanied by some wheel unloadings.     

抗侧滚扭杆安装方式对城轨车辆曲线通过性能影响

采用动力学软件Simpack建立了某型地铁车辆的整车模型,通过比较抗侧滚扭杆的不同安装方式,主要分析了其对车辆进出缓和曲线时轮重减载率和脱轨系数的影响.得出结论:根据UIC505-5规范,在满足车体的抗侧滚性能指标下,抗测滚扭杆采用弹性安装方式,可以改善进出缓和曲线时轮重减载率和脱轨系数,提高车辆曲线通过的安全性指标.     

高速铁道车辆蛇行脱轨安全性评判方法研究

通过建立轮轨三维几何接触模型、整车动力学分析模型和轮轨碰撞模型,分析高速铁道车辆蛇行失稳后的蛇行脱轨过程及其影响因素.高速铁道车辆的蛇行脱轨过程是一个爬轨和跳轨并存的复杂过程,轮对的名义冲角和有效冲角分别对准静态的爬轨和动态的跳轨起着重要影响作用;随着轮对横移速度的增大、轮轨摩擦系数以及车轮垂向载荷的减小,车轮的跳轨高度越大;横向蠕滑力在整个蠕滑力中所占比例以及轮对横向运动能量越大,车辆越容易脱轨.因此高速铁道车辆的蛇行脱轨安全性应根据轮对横移速度限值并考虑车辆的横向运行稳定性进行评判.当高速铁道车辆分别表现为“超临界”和“亚临界”的蛇行失稳极限环分岔形式时,可分别采用转向架横向加速度移动均方根值方法和转向架横向加速度限值对其横向运行稳定性进行评判.     

Three-dimensional derailment analysis of a crashed city tram

City tram collisions are simulated using multi-body dynamics. The aim of this paper is to investigate the collision-induced derailment. Simulation results demonstrate that the corner obstacle collision scenario defined in EN 15227 is mainly focused on the energy absorption process. Due to the large impact angle (45°), it is unlikely for a city tram to comply with this scenario without derailment. In order to avoid derailment, the maximum impact angle between city tram and oblique obstacle should be reduced to 25°. Moreover, some influence factors are analysed, such as mass of loaded passengers, friction coefficient, impact angle, etc. Derailment phenomenon is shown to be significantly dependent on these parameters. Two measures are proposed to prevent the collided city tram from derailment. One is using secondary lateral dampers to absorb collision energy. Another is increasing the lateral stiffness of secondary springs as well as the lateral clearance, so that more collision energy can be stored in the suspension. With these measures, the safety against derailment can be improved.     

曲线上车辆脱轨和钢轨磨耗的原因

通过对曲线区段列车安全通过和降低轮对轮缘与钢轨磨耗问题的研究,提出将外轨超高降低和把钢轨润滑从外轨改为内轨顶面两点措施,从而减轻了轮缘与轨头的侧向磨耗,提高了车辆运行的安全性。