The overall effects of road works on global warming gas emissions

Road characteristics influence the amount of pollution generated by traffic. They govern the rolling resistance, which includes: the viscoelastic behaviour of the pavement structure, surface texture, and profile unevenness. Road works are performed on a periodic basis to maintain these characteristics at proper levels of service (e.g. safety, comfort, and noise). While such works produce additional pollution (due to congestion around worksites or extra fuel consumption along the detour route), they still result in less pollution over the long term. This article assesses the balance between an increase in gas emissions during road works and the reduction in emissions from traffic once the works are completed. It is demonstrated that when road works are introduced to correct longitudinal profiles, rather than texture, the emissions benefit is substantial.     

Statistical model for gas turbine engines exhaust emissions

A statistical analysis has been developed from the ICAO databank to predict aero-engines exhaust emissions during a landing and take-off cycle (LTO). The ICAO databank contains updated emission indices for a vast number of turbojet and turbofan engines only, with thrust ratings greater than 26.7 kN. Correlations are developed and proposed for turboprop and turboshaft engines to overcome the difficulty of assessing exhaust emissions from these engines in absence of industry data. LTO emissions are predicted for a turbofan-powered commuter airplane (Embraer E195) using the surrogate model. It is demonstrated that the predictions are closer to the values extracted from the flight data recorder than to the emissions calculated with the ICAO method. Thus, approximate emissions indices applied to actual flight procedures are a better choice than a standard ICAO LTO emission estimate from the databank. The correlations are then applied to the prediction of LTO emissions of a turboprop airplane (Bombardier Q400).     

凝胶色谱法测定聚苯乙烯降解餐盒的分子量

为评价聚苯乙烯类餐盒的降解性能，对凝胶色谱法测定聚苯乙烯材料平均分子量的仪器条件和取样方法进行了试验，并应用该法测定了聚苯乙烯降解实验后的餐盒的平均分子量。结果表明，用平均分子量下降率作为评价塑料餐盒降解性能的指标是科学和可行的。     

非煤系构造连通型瓦斯隧道超前地质预报技术

穿越非煤系地层的隧道中的瓦斯的不可预见性很大,非煤系构造连通型瓦斯隧道是穿越非煤系地层的典型代表,现阶段对这类隧道还没有系统的超前地质预报技术,给施工安全造成了很大的威胁。为了准确预报非煤系构造连通型瓦斯隧道中的瓦斯运移途径,避免安全事故的发生,通过对现有超前地质预报技术包括地质法和物探法在非煤系构造连通型瓦斯隧道中适用性的分析,构建非煤系构造连通型瓦斯隧道的综合超前地质预报体系,并通过在肖家梁铁路隧道施工中成功应用,说明提出的超前地质预报技术是可行的。     

渝黔铁路瓦斯突出隧道安全施工管理实践

结合渝黔铁路天坪隧道横洞瓦斯突出工区施工特点,介绍瓦斯突出隧道施工安全管理的组织措施、技术措施及管理措施,并对瓦斯突出隧道通风、施工供电及设备、安全避险六大系统、防突技术措施、瓦斯监测及应急救援等进行研究,实践证明各项管理措施安全可靠,为类似铁路瓦斯突出隧道安全施工管理提供参考。     

INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF THE ALKALOIDS FROM Radix Caulophylli ON THE PROLIFERATION OF HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL

Angiogenesisplaysaveryimportantrolein tumorgrowthandmetastasis[1,2].Tumorssignalthe needforabloodsupplybysecretinggrowthfactors thattriggerangiogenesis,includingbasicfibroblast growthfactor(bFGF),vascularendothelialgrowth factor(VEGF)andplatelet deriveden…     

乌头碱在家兔检材中的降解动力学

用高效液相色谱法(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)分离测定生物性样品中的乌头碱。对乌头碱在离体生物检材中的降解动力学进行了研究。乌头碱在经不同处理的生物检材(凝血块、肝脏)中以表观二级动力学过程被降解,其降解速率常数K以4%甲醛溶液固定组中为最大(1.5619,0.7728μg/d),其次为95%酒精固定组(0.4891,0.7556μg/d),4℃冰箱放置组中最小(0.06372,0.0393μg/d),亦即中毒检材中乌头碱在冰箱中分解较慢,其次为在酒精固定剂中。从死亡或中毒后一段时间取检材检测,可用建立的动力学方程推算体內乌头碱是否已达中毒量或致死量。     

微观尺度下温拌再生混合料新-旧沥青界面融合特性

新-旧沥青的有效融合,对再生混合料的使用性能起着决定性作用。深入分析新-旧沥青的扩散过程、量化两者的混合程度,对再生混合料的设计及其性能调节具有极大的实际意义。为了比较真实地模拟新-旧沥青的扩散行为,探讨新-旧沥青界面融合特性,不同混合条件下新-旧沥青融合程度的定量分析、相容渗透剂对新-旧沥青迁移深度的影响。从微观尺度出发,首先模拟温拌再生混合料新-旧沥青融合的三阶段：物理裹附、机械拌合、相互扩散;在分层抽提的基础上,通过凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）,获取沥青分子量大小和分布情况,对新-旧沥青融合程度进行量化分析;然后选取合适的分子示踪剂及试验参数,采用傅里叶转换红外光谱（FTIR）研究新-旧沥青的迁移深度,探讨相容渗透剂对新-旧沥青的迁移深度影响。结果表明：大分子比例（LMS）定义的混合效率,可有效定量表征新-旧沥青的融合;无扩散阶段的温拌再生混合料中新-旧沥青的混合效率为29.8%,扩散阶段保温2 h后混合效率达到56.3%,两者的混合效率相差26.5%;对新-旧沥青融合的扩散阶段进行保温,改善了新-旧沥青的融合效果;端氨基丁腈橡胶（ATBN）具有沥青不具有的基团,可以作为适宜的分子示踪剂;添加渗透性良好的相容渗透剂可增加旧沥青的渗透深度,当分层抽提层数为3层时,未加相容渗透剂,新-旧沥青迁移深度为2层,添加相容渗透剂后,迁移深度增加为3层。     

基于单分类算法OSVM船用燃气轮机状态评估

针对船舶综合监控系统中存储有海量设备正常运行时的数据没有得到充分利用，此外设备退化时的故障数据难以获取，无法训练传统的多分类退化检测模型，提出利用单分类算法OSVM来建立模型,从而实现退化检测，在该过程中只需用正常样本数据来训练模型，并在一个经过实船数据验证过的模拟器产生的数据集上进行了实验。结果显示，只需要400个正常样本就可训练出准确的退化检测模型，该模型在精确度，召回率，特异性，正确率，AUC五个指标都有很好表现，此外，该退化检测模型有很好的扩展性，也可被用于其他机械设备的状态评估中。     

Real-world gaseous and particle emissions of a Bi-fuel gasoline/CNG Euro 6 passenger car

The objective of the present study is the assessment of the environmental impact of a bivalent (bi-fuel) vehicle, running either on gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). To that aim, a Euro 6 passenger car was tested under various real-world driving conditions. In order to cover the full range of conventional powertrains currently in the market, the tests were also repeated on a Euro 6 diesel passenger car. Both cars were driven in two routes, the first complying with the regulation limits and the second going beyond them. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particle number (PN) emissions were recorded using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Apart from the aggregated emission levels, in g/km, the exact emission location along the route was also assessed. Natural gas proved beneficial for CO and PN emissions, the level of which always remained below the respective legislation limits. On the other hand, under the dynamic driving conditions with gasoline, the relevant limits were exceeded. Cold start, occurring at the beginning of the urban part, and motorway driving were identified as major contributors to total emissions, especially in gasoline mode. However, the application of natural gas was associated with a penalty in NO_x emissions, which were significantly increased as compared to gasoline. Local peaks within the urban part were identified in CNG mode. In any case, the diesel vehicle was by far the highest NO_x emitter.