城市轨道交通轨道减振升级改造方法研究

中国早期建设的城市轨道交通线路,限于当时认知和技术水平等历史条件,在技术规范、评价预测和技术措施等方面均存在一定不足,投入运营后部分地段存在振动噪声扰民问题.为了彻底解决上述问题,针对既有运营线路的环境敏感地段,开展道床减振升级改造工作既是必要的,也是迫切的任务.从三方面入手进行了相关研究,设计方面进行了隧道内道床减振...     

TOD 规划设计理论研究

轨道交通站点的主要职能之一是运输乘客,通过网络化建设推动人口的大量流动,同时也产生多空间尺度效应,公共交通导向开发(TOD)可以满足多元化的功能需求,激发影响区域的城市活力和协同公交都市的建设,理论和实践价值越发突出。然而目前的TOD相关研究成果主要基于单一尺度进行探讨,缺乏系统、多尺度、多维度的梳理。基于此,通过文献计量法分析TOD理论演进,研究新城市主义影响下的站点综合效应、精明增长影响下的站区集聚效应、多维度时代的站群结构效应,探明不同发展阶段TOD规划设计理论。对比中美语境下TOD概念差异,发现中国城市整体密度高、密度分布均质化、大城市通勤时距长、职住不匹配的问题突显。针对中国现在面临的问题,分别从站点、站区和站群尺度,提出TOD精细设计、协同规划、时空交互的开发建议和策略,希望对未来的TOD规划设计提供借鉴。     

城市轨道交通超级电容储能装置控制策略

以城市轨道交通地面式超级电容储能装置为背景,针对空载电压波动下的储能装置阈值选择问题进行探讨,首先分析城轨供电系统中空载电压波动对再生能量回收的影响:1)更改储能装置放电电压指令,可以改变储能装置和整流机组能量输出的功率比例;2)传统恒定阈值放电策略将放电指令与放电阈值固定,因此储能装置放电时不能做到对放电功率的控制;3)采用固定阈值放电策略时,空载电压值的变化会影响储能装置放电输出能量的大小。然后提出充放电阈值动态调整控制策略,实验结果表明,对于不同的空载电压,改进后的控制策略可以根据空载电压放电指令进行动态调整,使储能装置与整流机组的能量输出比例恒定,从而维持放电时放出的能量不随空载电压的波动而变化。     

路基棚洞设计与施工技术的研究

为保护老狐山隧道右线出口路基段的边坡和自然环境,减少开挖,采用棚洞的结构型式,避免由于大开挖引起的边坡或山体不稳定而产生的落石、滑坡滑塌等灾害发生。用midas数值计算软件对棚洞结构进行计算,得出棚洞结构的位移和应力,并和规范进行对比,结果显示棚洞结构是安全的。对高边坡工程的处治有一定的指导意义。     

城市轨道交通PPP的问题与对策

城市轨道交通PPP项目在推进过程中已遭遇了诸多瓶颈,如项目投资财务缺口大,社会资本投资门槛过高,社会资本以施工承包商为主导致市场结构单一,项目沿线土地综合开发受土地政策限制,城市轨道交通规划与城市规划脱节,项目难点多,等等.通过参考城市轨道交通PPP的投资建设实践,结合对各地城市轨道交通建设案例的研究与分析,尝试提出以下对策:城市轨道交通PPP与TOD结合,通过土地综合开发收益反哺;采用网运分离模式,降低对单个投资人的投资额度要求,发挥各投资人的专业所长;北上广深等一线城市地铁建设运营商走向二、三线城市;地方出台具体政策,突破经营性用地“招拍挂”的法律问题;实施过程中一事一议,加强支持;重视城市轨道交通规划与城市规划从宏观到微观层面的紧密结合;设立合理的调价机制等,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用.     

汕潮揭交通运输同城化现状剖析与发展对策研究

基于汕(头)潮(州)揭(阳)区域交通运输同城化发展要求,分析了区域交通运输发展的现状,总结了交通运输同城化发展在运输结构、运输服务以及体制机制等方面存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了具体对策和建议。     

Monitoring Human Activity in an Area Dedicated to the Protection of the Endangered Mediterranean Monk Seal

Mediterranean monk seal populations have declined dramatically and survive in subpopulations scattered throughout their original distribution. The National Marine Park of Alonnisos, Northern Sporades is the first marine protected Area dedicated to the protection of the species in the Mediterranean. A Monitoring and Awareness Project has been carried out in the area from 1993 to 2000, the results of which have produced a detailed profile of the human usage pattern of the Park and indicated a significant reduction of illegal activities in the area. The pattern of human usage has enabled the monitoring team to adjust their efforts in the Park over time and provided essential baseline data for future management. The combined monitoring and awareness efforts have contributed significantly to the conservation of the Mediterranean monk seal by successfully protecting pupping sites and reducing human-induced mortality of the species in the area.     

锚绞机带式制动器热-结构耦合分析

采用三维CAD软件SolidWorks建立了带式制动器组件的三维实体模型,对其进行瞬态温度场、应力场以及沉头螺钉失效机理等热-结构耦合分析,揭示了瞬态制动过程制动器和摩擦片内部温度场和应力场的分布规律,探讨了沉头螺钉的失效机理,为带式制动器的优化设计提供了依据.     

The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

基于FEMDEM的斜坡堤护面块体破坏的数值模拟

针对斜坡堤人工护面块体发生的接触碰撞问题,应用有限元离散元耦合法（FEMDEM）探讨了护面块体的碰撞 应力、裂缝形成以及断裂过程。算例结果表明：断裂破坏通常发生在边界转角及角点,FEMDEM能有效地模拟连续介质向 非连续介质的转化过程。