基于LabVIEW的IRIG-B码实时采集与解析方法

授时设备是现代舰船噪声综合测试系统的重要组成部分.本文提出一种LabVIEW平台下的授时设备IRIG-B码采集解析方法.首先利用授时设备产生的秒脉冲作为触发信号控制采集设备采集IRIG-B码,然后对IRIG-B码进行门限判别预处理,再与位置识别标志比对提取信号端点,最后将IRIG-B码与移位寄存器进行移位比对,识别码字以及解析时间信息.试验结果表明,该方法能够有效解决IRIG-B码实时采集解析问题,具有定时精度高、软件开销小、抗电磁干扰能力强等优点,可应用于授时设备的开发设计、工作状态监测、信号质量评估等.     

Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.     

一种新型船模水动力性能测试装置研究

目前,国内外的船模水动力性能测试装置均为平面运动机构,使得船舶水动力导数的测量范围有限,而一种新型船模水动力性能测试装置,即六自由度船模水动力性能测试装置可以扩大这一测量范围.从六自由度平台的工作原理,六分力天平量程的确定和测试装置总体设计3个方面来具体研究和设计六自由度船模水动力性能测试装置.首先具体介绍六自由度平台的工作原理,即平台6根运动杆的运动与船舶六自由度运动的对应关系;然后建立船舶六自由度运动所受力和力矩的初步计算公式,以国内外平面运动机构的具体技术性能指标为依据,确定试验装置中的六分力天平的量程;最后确定测验装置的整体设计,设计出现有船池拖车平台的具体形状与尺寸.以此为依据,综合考虑拖车平台的受力情况及拖车架和六自由度平台的安装方式,确定拖车架的具体结构形式与尺寸大小,得到三维示意图、二维安装图与尺寸图,进行结构强度分析.     

水下无人作战系统装备现状及发展趋势

海军水下无人作战系统因其造价低廉、隐蔽性强、避免人员伤亡等诸多优点而得到大力发展,美国等国已制定各类水下无人作战系统发展规划并开发出便携型、轻型、重型和巨型等多种水下无人作战系统,并向着提高智能化、模块化和标准化程度、拓展多平台搭载使用能力等方向发展。为了应对威胁,我国也应从顶层规划水下无人作战体系发展路线,开发多样化的水下无人作战系统。     

基于扩张观测器的船舶动力定位系统反演滑模变结构控制

针对海洋平台船舶动力定位控制系统,结合反演滑模控制与扩张观测器的优势,提出一种基于扩张观测器的船舶动力定位反演滑模控制方法.考虑到系统存在未知外部干扰以及船舶模型参数不确定性的问题,将系统分为内环观测器和外环控制器分别设计,首先利用扩张观测器估计系统的未知状态及不确定项,然后在外环的反演滑模控制器中进行补偿,最后用Lyapunov方法证明系统的稳定性.通过船舶定点控制仿真实验表明,基于扩张状态观测器的反演滑模控制器使得船舶纵荡和横荡的位置及首摇角度逐渐保持在期望值,具有较强的鲁棒性和控制性,能够有效抑制传统滑模控制的抖振问题,有益于船舶工程应用.     

回汽技术在船舶换向中的应用研究

船舶蒸汽动力装置中设置的倒车汽轮机,一般情况下只在船舶倒车工况时工作.为了克服船舶换向过程中锅炉超压的问题,应充分利用倒车汽轮机和回汽控制技术.本文以大型船舶蒸汽动力装置为研究对象,通过机理分析建立其数学模型,提出一种具有回汽控制的机炉协调控制方案,并对换向过程进行动态仿真.仿真结果表明使用回汽控制的机炉协调控制方式的主蒸汽压力偏差相对于不使用回汽控制的协调控制方式减小了1%,主蒸汽压力更稳定.可以得到结论,使用具有回汽控制的机炉协调控制方式可以解决换向过程中锅炉超压的问题.     

基于滑模变结构的船用永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

电力推进在船舶动力系统中应用得越来越多,本文对船用永磁同步电机直接转矩控制进行仿真研究.针对传统永磁同步电机直接转矩控制中存在的磁链和转矩脉动较大,逆变器开关频率不稳定等问题,将滑模变结构控制策略引入.设计转矩和磁链2个滑模控制器,取代传统直接转矩控制中的2个滞环比较器,再运用空间矢量脉宽调制方法,控制电机运行.仿真结果表明这种控制策略能有效减小传统直接转矩控制存在的磁链和转矩脉动,实现逆变器开关频率恒定,并且对系统参数变化及外界扰动具有鲁棒性强的优点.     

基于相关性模型的舰船系统测试性建模与分析

本文提出一种基于相关性模型的舰船系统级产品的测试性建模与分析方法.该方法通过建立产品任务模型、相关性图示模型等,利用一阶相关性列矢量法求解产品的相关性数学模型,进而建立产品诊断树和进行测试性预计,并为优化产品诊断策略提供建议.同时,根据舰用燃气轮机滑油系统组成和任务特征,建立其典型任务模型并进行精简,并在此基础上进行测试性建模、诊断树建立、测试性预计以及诊断策略优化等工作,为舰船系统级产品的测试性建模、分析和诊断策略研究提供新思路和手段.     

国外舰艇综合电力系统研究综述

舰艇综合电力系统实现了全舰能源的综合利用,是舰艇平台由机械化向电气化和信息化发展的必由之路,代表现代舰艇动力平台的发展方向.本文通过对国外舰艇综合电力系统应用现状、技术状态、军事意义及未来发展趋势进行分析梳理,供相关人员参考.     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.