Impact of regional population density on walking behavior

Land use can influence walking (measured by the number of steps) and so the health of people. This paper presents the result of empirical research on the impact of regional population densities (inhabitants per inhabitable area) on the number of steps (all steps, both outdoors and indoors). With data collected from almost 11,000 respondents in 148 Japanese regions, we estimate polynomial regression models, the total number of steps being the dependent variable and densities being the main independent variable. Regional population density significantly affects the number of steps after controlling for individual and household attributes. The estimated population density that maximizes the number of steps is around 11,000?persons/km². Increasing densities, up to levels of around 11,000?inhabitants/km², could increase walking and consequently the health of inhabitants. The population density elasticity of the number of steps is 0.046–0.049 in a simple log linear regression model without a peak.     

软土地基中格形地下连续墙护岸前沿土体加固参数研究

格形地下连续墙是一种新型直立式护岸结构,整体刚度大,辅之以护岸前沿的软土地基加固,能减少墙体水平位移,确保工程结构和周边环境安全。以某电厂取水口护岸工程为例,介绍格形地下连续墙结构在护岸工程中的应用,利用有限元分析软件Plaxis3D,采用土体硬化模型(HS模型)建立三维模型,给出加固参数设计方法,研究护岸前沿土体加固的面积置换率、加固宽度和加固深度对格形地下连续墙变形的影响。因软土地基上结构受软土强度参数的影响较大,故对软土强度指标和水泥土强度指标进行敏感性分析。     

基于高雷诺数的并联双圆柱绕流研究

文章采用基于边界瞬时涡量守候的拉格朗日方法(IVCBC),结合并列双圆柱的特点,建立了双圆柱绕流数值计算模型。对高雷诺数下Re=6×10~4,间隙率为T/D=1.1~7的并联圆柱双圆柱二维绕流特性进行了研究。提出了双圆柱间隙中点的速度区别宽窄尾流的新方法。分别讨论了流体力系数随间距增加的特点,脉动流体力的特点,尾流特征以及斯托哈尔数特征。研究发现:区别宽窄尾流的新方法是可靠的;在双圆柱尾流附近有五种尾流模型存在;同时发现了在宽窄尾流的频率,存在一个中间频率。     

超临界雷诺数下桥墩紊流宽度的计算方法

桥墩紊流宽度的计算与水流雷诺数的范围关系较大,将影响到计算成果的合理性。结合山区河流超临界雷诺数条件,采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟桥墩三维紊流流场,并结合大涡模拟和运动边界处理方法,分析不同来流、河形等条件下的桥墩三维紊流宽度,由此建立了顺直河道和弯曲河道中圆型桥墩相对紊流宽度与弗劳德数之间的耦合关系。该研究成果通过四川邓家坝大桥航宽验算,与经验法及祖小勇算法比较,发现该方法得出的桥墩紊流宽度略小、其数值趋于合理。     

Numerical modeling of ground response during diaphragm wall construction

Construction of diaphragm wall panels may cause considerable stress changes in heavily overconsolidated soil deposits and can induce substantial ground movement. The 3D Lagrangian method was adopted to model the mechanical response of ground, including horizontal normal stress and shear stress, lateral ground displacement and vertical ground surface settlement, during the slurry trenching and concreting of diaphragm wall panels. Numerical results show that slurry trenching leads to horizontal stress relief of ground, reducing the horizontal stress of the ground from initial K0 pressure to hydrostatic betonite pressure. Wet concrete pressure lies between the hydrostatic bentonite pressure and the initial K0 pressure, so it can compensate partially the horizontal stress loss of the ground adjacent to the trench and thus reduce the lateral movement of the trench face as well as the vertical settlement of the ground surface.     

船舶柴油发电机转速神经网络容错控制

结合人工神经网络与智能容错控制,形成船舶柴油发电机转速神经网络容错控制。对由故障诊断后获取的特征值进行归一化处理,把经过处理的特征值作为神经网络的输入样本集,设计输出样本集,建立BP神经网络和ELMAN神经网络,用整理后的数据训练神经网络,使神经网络具有容错控制功能,并对神经网络模型进行仿真测试。仿真试验显示可以实现对船舶电力系统容错控制,保证船舶的安全运行。     

基于牛顿迭代法的概位修正误差分析

介绍了双信号台测向定位中利用牛顿迭代法进行概位修正的方法,分析了牛顿迭代法对概位修正误差的消除过程。仿真结果表明：在满足舰船导航精度要求下,牛顿迭代法的迭代次数少,且误差很小,达到了概位修正的要求。     

波状摆动式鱼类的推进性能研究

以开发适用于小型潜器的仿生操纵与推进系统为研究背景,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对波状摆动式鱼类进行了数值模拟,建立波状摆动式鱼类的数值计算模型,研究不同变形参数对鱼类推进性能以及尾涡流场结构的影响。结果表明,随着波长的增加,鱼类能够获得更好的推进性能。通过对比不同频率下鱼类推进性能以及流场结构,探讨不同滑移率及斯特劳哈尔数对推进性能影响。     

350t自航起重船吊臂结构强度评估及加强方案的模糊评判

为对起重臂内部结构进行改进,提高其结构强度.利用MSC.Nastran软件对350t自航起重臂结构在不同工况下进行有限元强度分析.基于模糊综合评判理论,结合船体强度、工艺和重量等因素作为评判参数,按成对比较法和构建满意度函数,对350t自航起重臂结构的三种加强方案进行评判,确定出最优方案.     

基于遗传算法优化模糊控制器的船舶航向控制

针对模糊控制器中的量化因子、比例因子、积分系数、模糊规则之间互相耦合,人工整定困难的问题,提出了一种基于遗传优化的船舶航向模糊PID自动控制算法。仿真对比试验表明,经遗传优化后的船舶航向模糊PID控制性能得到了极大的提高,系统无超调,上升快,工作稳定,具有较强的鲁棒性。