A numerical study on the installation configuration design of compliant vertical access riser (CVAR) in deepwater

In oil and gas transportation, the compliant vertical access riser (CVAR) system conducts economic and operational advantages due to its special configuration. In this paper, the static performance of the CVAR is studied by an efficient numerical method. According to the unique configuration of the CVAR, the mathematical model is established based on minimum total potential energy principle. The equilibrium equations are discretized by finite difference method and then solved by Newton-Raphson technique. The accuracy of the numerical method is verified by OrcaFlex software. Detailed parametric analysis is carried out based on practical engineering requirements. The effects of buoyancy section's configuration including buoyancy factor, buoyancy section's length and buoyancy section's location, and external environmental factors including wellhead offset distance, water depth and current velocity on installation shape and mechanical properties of the CVAR are analyzed. The research shows that the presented numerical method has good applicability and flexibility for the early installation configuration design of marine risers which have no touchdown section but only one touchdown point and are equipped with multiple buoyancy blocks subjected to forces of different directions and magnitudes, such as CVARs.     

小街区密路网交通标志缩尺研究

应用驾驶模拟器、眼动仪和调查问卷对小街区密路网条件下的交通标志设计方案和缩尺方案进行了分析探讨。驾驶模拟器采集的速度和加速度数据显示设计方案和缩尺方案具有差异显著性，眼动仪数据显示缩尺方案需要更多的注意力。调查问卷显示，大多数人主观上无法准确感受到两个方案之间的差异，缩尺方案的可行性还需要进行深入研究。     

钢-混凝土组合梁桥的温度梯度作用——地域差异与等值线地图

为研究组合梁桥温度梯度作用取值的地域差异性，搜集了全国839个气象站的长期历史气象数据，建立了全国91个辐射气象站（有太阳辐射历史数据）太阳辐射预测的Bahel模型，补充了748个常规气象站（无太阳辐射历史数据）各23年的太阳日辐射总量数据。在这些气象数据的基础上，提出了温度作用代表值等值线地图的“逐层绘制法”，该方法首先采用有限元温度场长期计算和气象相关性经验公式分别得到91个辐射气象站和748个常规气象站的温度作用样本数据，随后基于广义帕累托分布（GP分布）的超阈值模型求得各气象站的温度作用代表值，最后，采用空间插值方法绘制各温度作用代表值的等值线地图。采用上述方法，绘制了组合梁桥温度梯度升温模式1、升温模式2和降温模式中各温差代表值的等值线地图。研究结果表明：Bahel模型在中国范围内具有很好的适用性，可用于太阳辐射数据的准确预测和补充；中国组合梁桥各温差存在显著的地域差异性，最大可达到27.89℃，若在一个较大的区域内选取一恒定温差作用取值会明显低估了这种地域差异性；“逐层绘制法”概念清晰，操作方便，是进行温度作用等值线地图绘制的有效方法；所绘制的50年回归期温差代表值等值线地图，可用于全国范围内组合梁桥温度梯度作用的准确取值，所提供的温差数据具有概率统计意义，较现行规范更能满足极限状态设计法的基本要求，对于中国组合梁桥的精细化设计和规范体系的补充具有重要价值。