雾霾环境下如何安全驾驶汽车的思考

雾霾是一种常见的天气现象,尤其是当前工业化社会,雾霾天气出现的概率更是直线上升,这对于安全行车,无疑是一个巨大的挑战。本文将结合雾霾天气产生原因及特性,基于其对交通的危害,讨论雾霾天气汽车安全驾驶要点,希望可以抛砖引玉,为广大驾驶员提供一定参考,提高行车安全。     

基于天气因素的城市轨道交通接驳客流预测改进模型

本文从当前城市轨道交通车站接驳工作中存在的问题入手,阐明了接驳客流预测工作的重要性,并着重抓住天气因素对接驳客流预测的影响,结合现实调查数据,找出了晴天和雨天的各种接驳交通方式客流分担率变化规律;在此基础之上借助于经典的Logit模型构建了城市轨道交通接驳客流预测的改进模型,指出各种接驳方式的设施需根据不同天气条件下客流需求的最大值进行配置.     

航海类大学生生活事件、应对方式与心理适应的关系研究

从航海类大学生面临的生活事件入手,探讨不同的应对方式对心理适应性的影响.利用自编的《航海类大学生生活事件量表》等量表,对两所航海类专科院校海上专业1580名大学生进行了问卷调查.结果表明,生活事件越多,心理适应性越差;积极应对提高心理适应;消极应对应用越多,心理适应性越低.在结论的基础上,提出了相关教学建议.     

大风浪天气情况下船舶供油作业风险控制研究

大风浪天气情况下的船舶供油作业对港口安全生产和海洋环境保护有着重要影响.创新风险理论分析,加强风险要素控制,增强船舶供油作业特别是大风浪天气下作业风险辨识,对于确保大风浪天气情况下供油作业风险有着重要意义.     

Exploring the Knowledge Dynamics Associated with Coastal Adaptation Planning

Scientific projections for climate change induced sea-level-rise highlight current and potential future consequences for low lying coastal areas. In response considerable attention has been directed toward the task of coastal adaptation planning. Experience to date indicates that adaptation planning is more complex and contested than anticipated. We argue that this is partly due to the constrained way adaptation planning is conceptualized, whereby limited attention is directed toward understanding coastal adaptation planning as a site of complex and contested knowledge dynamics. Consequently, we use a knowledge systems perspective to explore coastal adaptation planning in order to highlight some of the knowledge exchange dynamics involved. In doing so we draw on views expressed in semi-structured interviews with a diverse range of stakeholders with an interest in coastal management in Victoria, Australia. While the focus is on coastal adaptation planning in Victoria, the insights generated are intended to contribute to broadening the way in which adaptation is conceptualized.     

Spatial and Temporal Modeling of Beach Use: A Case Study of East Anglia,UK

As tourists are sensitive to weather conditions and changes to the environments they visit, it is likely that climate change will affect coastal recreation in the future. To understand these impacts, it is first important to quantify how visitor numbers are associated with beach characteristics and weather patterns. Using the East Anglian coastline, UK, as a case study, information on the spatial distribution of visitors recorded from aircraft flights is combined with beach characteristic data in a Geographical Information System. In addition, surveys are undertaken at two beaches to assess temporal variations in visitation. The study finds a diverse range of characteristics are associated with visitor numbers. These findings are evaluated alongside the anticipated effects of climate change and management policies. Although it is predicted that warmer weather will increase visitor numbers overall, sea-level rise may reduce numbers at wide sandy beaches, which are currently most preferred by tourists.     

畸形波模拟及其对近岸构筑物作用综述

畸形波是一种瞬时存在、具有较大波高的灾害性波浪,对近岸和海洋工程结构物都具有较大的破坏性。文中首先从畸形波的定义入手,通过分析畸形波的发生机理,引入畸形波模拟的探讨,总结畸形波对近岸构筑物作用的研究现状与发展趋势,并提出需要进一步研究的课题。     

Leveraging socio-ecological resilience theory to build climate resilience in transport infrastructure

ABSTRACT

Anthropogenic climate change poses risks to transport infrastructure that include disrupted operations, reduced lifespan and increased reconstruction and maintenance costs. Efforts to decrease the vulnerability of transport networks have been largely limited to understanding projected risks through governance and administrative efforts. Where physical adaptation measures have been implemented, these have typically aligned with a traditional “engineering resilience” approach of increasing the strength and rigidity of assets to withstand the impacts of climate change and maintain a stable operating state. Such systems have limited agility and are susceptible to failure from “surprise events”. Addressing these limitations, this paper considers an alternate approach to resilience, inspired by natural ecosystems that sense conditions in real-time, embrace multi-functionality and evolve in response to changing environmental conditions. Such systems embrace and thrive on unpredictability and instability. This paper synthesises key literature in climate adaptation and socio-ecological resilience theory to propose a shift in paradigm for transport infrastructure design, construction and operation, towards engineered systems that can transform, evolve and internally manage vulnerability. The authors discuss the opportunity for biomimicry (innovation inspired by nature) as an enabling discipline for supporting resilient and regenerative infrastructure, introducing three potential tools and frameworks. The authors conclude the importance of leveraging socio-ecological resilience theory, building on the achievements in engineering resilience over the past century. These findings have immediate practical applications in redefining resilience approaches for new transport infrastructure projects and transport infrastructure renewal.     

论船长在气象导航中的作用

根据船舶气象导航的原理以及影响航线设计因素的原则,为船长、船东和租船人如何正确选择使用气导公司及其提供的资料提供一些参考意见,以期减少船东、租船人之间使用气导的纠纷。     

基于云平台的交通视频检测数据优化研究

交通视频检测技术在智能交通领域应用广泛,成为当前交通信息采集的主要手段.但在恶劣天气条件下,视频车辆检测器采集的交通数据误差较大,难以准确反映路面实际状况.为解决此问题,本文提出基于不同气象能见度等级构建k 型BP网络,对气象能见度低于10 km时的原始交通数据作预处理优化.分析了云计算在交通信息处理方面的优势,基于云计算平台实现了该模型的构建与推广.最后以成都绕城高速七里沟大桥定点观测得到的数据做样本进行实例分析,对比了该模型方法与传统处理方法的数据处理效果,得出了本文方法较传统方法先进的结论.