The shoaling of nutrient-enriched subsurface waters as a mechanism to sustain primary productivity off Central Baja California during El Niño winters

Using CalCOFI data for coastal shallow stations (above 100 m depth), higher than expected nitrate concentrations were detected in near-surface high-temperature waters off of Central Baja California during some El Niño winters. Though recent data are not available for Central Baja California, past El Niño data, though limited, showed nitrate concentrations above 16 μM at temperatures above 16 °C, and nitrate concentrations between 1 and 2 μM at 19 °C, while the previously established relationship of temperature and nitrate for California Current waters predicts nitrate depletion above 14 or 15 °C. The anomalous, high temperature–high nitrate enrichment events documented in Central Baja California were detected as shallow as 9 m and as deep as 73 m, were associated with low-oxygen (between 2 and 4 ml/l) and high-salinity (between 33.8 and 34.3 psu) waters, and occurred during the winter months of an El Niño year. Using recent data for San Diego, CA, similar but weaker enrichment events were detected for the El Niño winter of 1997–1998. The periodic shoaling of a subsurface subtropical water mass of high temperature, high salinity, low oxygen and high nutrients during some El Niño winters is proposed to cause periodic enrichment and to maintain productivity during warming events in this area. Enrichment events were not detected off Ensenada, in Northern Baja California, possibly due to the amplification of the onshore flow during El Niño there, or due to the Ensenada front. The proposed mechanism of periodic enrichment of nutrient-depleted surface waters during some El Niño winters by subsurface waters from the California Undercurrent may explain the following: (1) survival of giant kelp forests at their southern limit in Central Baja California documented during past El Niño events in warm waters, (2) the rapid recovery and high carrying capacity of giant kelp documented after the mass disappearance during El Niño 1997–1998, and (3) the increase in the extent of mesotrophic chlorophyll detected in the area during the 1997–1998 and 1982–1983 El Niño events.     

大风期黄骅港外航道的骤淤估算及防淤减淤措施探讨

黄骅港运用后,偏北大风引起外航道的泥沙淤积严重。根据2002年及2003年的实测数据,本文使用新近完善的风、浪、流共同作用下的输沙公式及已编制成的大风期航道回淤预报程序,进行回淤的验证和计算,计算表明:预报结果与实测比较相当符合。参考已有的文献资料,提出了用潜堤作为防淤减淤的措施。     

汽车车门密封条系统的结构与功能研究

车门密封条是汽车车门的重要组成部件之一。文章介绍了车门密封条的种类与材料的选择,研究了玻璃导槽、内水切、外水切、门密封条及门槛条等车门密封条的典型断面结构,分析了这些断面的不同功能与设计准则,展示了密封条的微观结构与配合关系。最后得出结论：断面设计是密封条设计的关键,直接影响密封条的性能,同时为后续的密封条设计开发提供参考与支持。     

Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation

Container terminals play a critical role in maritime supply chains. However, they show vulnerabilities to severe weather events due to the sea–land interface locations. Previous severe weather risk analysis focused more on larger assessment units, such as regions and cities. Limited studies assessed severe weather risks on a smaller scale of seaports. This paper aims to propose a severe weather-induced container terminal loss estimation framework. Based on a container terminal operation simulation model, monthly average loss and single event-induced loss are obtained by using historical hazard records and terminal operation records as model inputs. By studying the Port of Shenzhen as the case study, we find that the fog events in March lead to the longest monthly port downtime and the highest monthly severe weather-induced economic losses in the studied port. The monthly average loss is estimated to be 30 million USD, accounting for 20% of the intact income. The worst-case scenario is found to be a red-signal typhoon attack which results in nearly 20% decrease in the month’s income. The results provide useful references for various container terminal stakeholders in severe weather risk management.     

天气因素对福州地铁客流的影响分析

地铁作为一种绿色出行方式，是缓解城市交通拥堵的重要手段。地铁客流受到多种因素影响，其中天气因素变化较快，会造成地铁客流的快速变化。了解天气因素对地铁客流的影响，有助于建立相应的运输组织响应措施。本文旨在量化分析天气因素对福州地铁客流量的影响，并考虑原始天气指标的局限性，引入体现舒适度的指标。建立地铁客流与天气因素(包括气压、相对湿度、风力、降水、风寒指数等级、综合舒适度指数等级等)之间的多元线性回归模型，量化影响方向和影响程度。此外，工作日与非工作日的客流模式差异较大，将两者分别建模分析。研究发现：工作日，降水、风寒指数等级和综合舒适度指数等级对地铁客流有显著影响；非工作日，降水、气压、相对湿度、风寒指数等级和综合舒适度指数等级对地铁客流有显著影响。总体而言，非工作日地铁客流对天气因素更加敏感。     

生活事件、应对方式对上消化道癌发生的影响

目的　探讨心理社会因素中生活事件、应对方式对上消化道癌发生的影响。方法　以 98例上消化道癌患者和98例与之相匹配的健康人作为研究对象 ,采用生活事件量表、简易应对方式问卷进行评定 ,比较两组之间的差异。结果　病例组病前负性生活事件刺激量和发生频率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ,而其正性生活事件刺激量和发生频率明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ;病例组的消极应对方式总分高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ,而积极应对方式总分低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　应激可能是上消化道癌的一个致病因素 ,而消极应对方式可能是上消化道癌的一个致病危险因素     

复杂水文地质环境条件下等级公路的灾害防治研究

为了有效预防、治理各类复杂特殊岩土体公路自然灾害和人类活动、区域地质构造环境极端变化诱发的公路灾害,文章在分析公路灾害孕育、诱发、发生、发展过程中地下水补、径、排等关键水文地质致灾条件和灾害类型的基础上,详细研究了公路灾害的成灾机理特征,诱发、影响因素及防治措施。提出了对公路建设全过程的公路灾害安全评价和以勘探、预防预报、治理地表水、地下水运动变化等水文地质条件关键点为核心的公路灾害治理与防治技术措施。     

高速公路灾害性天气研究

气象环境对高速公路的行车安全、正常运行起着举足轻重的作用,恶劣天气是导致高速公路交通事故、道路阻塞、路产损失的主要原因之一.因此,加强对气象灾害的分析研究,加强对气象状况的检测并制定相应的对策,对保障高速公路过往车辆的安全、提高服务质量具有十分积极的作用.     

基于高速铁路的GSM-R通信无线覆盖的可靠性分析

高速铁路的GSM-R通信无线覆盖的可靠性分析是保证列车安全、高效运行的技术手段之一。抽象出胶济线GSM-R网络结构,利用故障树分析法,根据各个网络节点的可靠度,计算出整个系统的可靠度。胶济线GSM-R网络覆盖采用单网交织冗余覆盖方案,铁路沿线基站设置的比较密集,根据故障树定量分析法,求出顶事件发生概率的近似值,根据某厂家提供的相关产品参数,得到GSM-R网络主要单元节点的可靠度预测值。     

维也纳RTA气候实验室考察报告

概述了维也纳气候实验室,介绍了该实验室进行CRH3高速动车组空调通风加热与隔热性能的试验过程,并对比了国内外气候实验室。