动车组防滑策略优化

分析了动车组滑行并导致擦轮的实际案例及其数据,提出了2种动车组防滑策略的优化方案。最终采用在通信协议中增加一条指令,由BCU发送给TCU,用以在滑行严重时解除电耦合,该方案防滑控制方式制动力损失较小,并且解除电耦合之后,有利于单轴速度的恢复,效果更理想。     

纯电动汽车制动能量回收及储能策略研究

为解决纯电动汽车存在的制动能量耗损及续航里程不足等问题,通过对行车能量流分析的基础上,提出一种制动能量回收及储能策略,并利用ADVISOR软件建立整车制动能量回收策略仿真模型。选取UDDS城市道路工况进行仿真,结果表明所建立的控制策略可以对制动能量进行回收和储存,对于提高纯电动汽车续航里程提供了理论基础。     

城市轨道交通车辆用紧急阀故障分析及改进措施

介绍了城市轨道交通车辆制动控制单元中紧急阀的功能、工作原理及其在车辆运行中容易出现制动不缓解故障现象。通过台架试验,对紧急阀进行了故障分析,提出了调整紧急阀电磁线圈参数的改进措施。试验证明,电磁阀线圈参数调整后的紧急阀故可有效防止紧急制动不缓解的情况发生。     

Slip regulation for anti-lock braking systems using multiple surface sliding controller combined with inertial delay control

In this paper, a multiple surface sliding controller is designed for an anti-lock braking system to maintain the slip ratio at a desired level. Various types of uncertainties coming from unknown road surface conditions, the variations in normal force and the mass of the vehicle are estimated using an uncertainty estimation technique called the inertial delay control and then the estimate is used in the design of the multiple surface sliding controller. The proposed scheme does not require the bounds of uncertainties. The ultimate boundedness of the overall system is proved. The proposed scheme is validated by simulation under various scenarios of road friction, road gradient and vehicle loading followed by experimentation on a laboratory anti-lock braking set-up for different friction conditions.     

Extended-Kalman-filter-based regenerative and friction blended braking control for electric vehicle equipped with axle motor considering damping and elastic properties of electric powertrain

Because of the damping and elastic properties of an electrified powertrain, the regenerative brake of an electric vehicle (EV) is very different from a conventional friction brake with respect to the system dynamics. The flexibility of an electric drivetrain would have a negative effect on the blended brake control performance. In this study, models of the powertrain system of an electric car equipped with an axle motor are developed. Based on these models, the transfer characteristics of the motor torque in the driveline and its effect on blended braking control performance are analysed. To further enhance a vehicle's brake performance and energy efficiency, blended braking control algorithms with compensation for the powertrain flexibility are proposed using an extended Kalman filter. These algorithms are simulated under normal deceleration braking. The results show that the brake performance and blended braking control accuracy of the vehicle are significantly enhanced by the newly proposed algorithms.     

电磁制动与摩擦制动集成系统测试台架设计及试验研究

根据电磁制动与摩擦制动集成系统的工作原理,设计了一种电磁制动与摩擦制动集成系统测试台架.为检验该测试台架的性能.以某型轿车为对象.选择电磁制动器的磁极与制动盘间间隙、线圈匝数和磁极中心到制动盘中心距离为因素.进行3因素3水平正交试验.试验结果表明,采用所设计的测试台架对不同车型进行试验,可得到电磁制动与摩擦制动集成系统的最佳结构参数和安装参数.     

高速公路桥梁收费站前拥堵车辆荷载评估

因收费排队,使得桥上汽车间距减小,桥梁全宽、全长满布荷载及行车集中制动的概率大大增加,实际运营状态的汽车荷载分布模式与规范规定的荷载有很大区别。该文以《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTJ 021-89)的荷载模式为基础,根据收费广场荷载分布的特殊性,对实际交通状况进行了调研、统计和分析;研究了因交通量增加、大吨位车辆多和轴荷分布变化引起的汽车活载修正,汽车荷载横向分布系数的修正,汽车纵向布置的调整,以及汽车制动力系数的调整等内容。某大桥引桥桥头段拟改、扩建为收费广场,按前述分析为基础建立了新荷载标准(模式),为大桥旧桥改造和新建拼宽结构进行评估提供依据。该实例可供同类工程参考。     

轨道交通(轻轨)车站结构设计探讨

在城市轨道交通(轻轨)地面车站,主要是高架车站的结构设计中,分析研究其荷载类型、荷载工况对车站结构计算的安全可靠性意义重大。其中还有有效控制沉降问题。该文分析荷载类型、荷载工况,建立计算模型提出看法,供设计人员参考。     

An energy-efficient scheduling approach to improve the utilization of regenerative energy for metro systems

Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that converts the kinetic energy during braking into electricity, also known as regenerative energy. In general, most of the regenerative energy is transmitted backward along the pantograph and fed back into the overhead contact line. To reduce the trains’ energy consumption, this paper develops a scheduling approach to coordinate the arrivals and departures of all trains located in the same electricity supply interval so that the energy regenerated from braking trains can be more effectively utilized to accelerate trains. Firstly, we formulate an integer programming model with real-world speed profiles to minimize the trains’ energy consumption with dwell time control. Secondly, we design a genetic algorithm and an allocation algorithm to find a good solution. Finally, we present numerical examples based on the real-life operation data from the Beijing Metro Yizhuang Line in Beijing, China. The results show that the proposed scheduling approach can reduce energy consumption by 6.97% and save about 1,054,388 CNY (or 169,223 USD) each year in comparison with the current timetable. Compared to the cooperative scheduling (CS) approach, the proposed scheduling approach can improve the utilization of regenerative energy by 36.16% and reduce the total energy consumption by 4.28%.     

盘式制动器热结构耦合分析

文中应用ABAQUS软件对盘式制动器进行热结构直接耦合分析,采用具有温度计算和结构计算所需自由度的C3D8T单元,对制动盘三维模型划分网格;分析了有限元模型的初始条件、边界条件和载荷施加,详细讨论了制动件之间摩擦系数、热流密度函数和对流散热系数的选取和计算;分析了制动盘制动模拟过程中的温度云图,比较制动盘的不同结构和材料参数对制动盘表面温升的影响.分析结果对制动盘材料选择、结构尺寸设计、制动工况选择、制动盘破坏预防等工作提供了可靠依据.