A trial application of FSA methodology to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers

Formal safety assessment (FSA) is a formal, structured and systematic methodology, aimed at enhancing maritime safety, including protection of life, property and marine environment, by using risk and cost–benefit assessments. For the application of this methodology to the rule-making process, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) presented the Interim Guidelines, which describe procedures of FSA and inputs/outputs of each procedure in detail. This paper basically deals with an application of FSA methodology according to the IMO's Interim Guidelines to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers, which was carried out as a cooperative research between Korean Register of Shipping and Seoul National University. As results of this application study, 18 hazards are identified and 32 risk control measures are devised to reduce the associated risks. Potential risks, costs and benefits when some Risk Control Options are introduced are evaluated in monetary unit of US $. Finally, some discussions and recommendations based on experiences are also given for both future work and better application of this FSA methodology to the rule-making process.     

典型航线船舶排放清单及排放特征研究

文章分析了我国典型航线典型船舶排放特征,以船舶自动识别系统数据为基础,收集整理所选研究船舶排放参数,结合船舶实际航行资料,采用动力法估算了秦皇岛港—广州港航线某散货船一个航行周期的排放清单,并分析了靠港、停泊、港内机动、巡航4个船舶状态下的排放特征,绘制了2 km×2 km分辨率的空间排放特征图。结果表明,该典型航线上典型散货船舶一个航行周期排放的SOx、NOx、PM10、PM2.5总量分别为18.88吨、30.87吨、1.85吨和1.69吨。排放源分析表明从在船舶的主机、辅机和锅炉3种排放源中,主机是主要排放源。航行状态上巡航工况排放量最大;船舶排放污染物的空间分析表明,船舶在进出港口区域是污染物排放最密集的区域。     

Preliminary investigation of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and its metal elemental composition in tunnels at a subway station in Shanghai,China

In this study, real-time monitoring campaigns were conducted in two tunnels (Line A and Line B) at a subway station in Shanghai, including temperature, relative humidity, PM₁, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, in order to understand the climate and PM characteristics in the transportation microenvironment. In addition, collected floor dust particles in the tunnel were analyzed by ICP for their metal elemental composition. Strong correlations occurred between all PM levels and meteorological parameters in the tunnel of Line A (with platform screen doors), in comparison with the weak correlations between such parameters in the tunnel of Line B (without platform screen doors). PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ between peak hours and off-peak hours for both lines presented significant differences (p < 0.05), respectively. Nevertheless, PM₁ showed a different pattern, with p > 0.05 for Line A and p < 0.05 for Line B, respectively. In addition, statistical results concluded that PM had an evident weekly variation for both lines. Friday was the highest day of all particulate matters in monitoring periods for both lines. Ratios of PM₁/PM₁₀ and PM_2.5/PM₁₀ were high when trains were out of service and low when trains were in service. Relative abundance of metal elements detected from floor dust particles proved that floor dust particles in tunnels might be a major source of airborne PM in the subway microenvironments, with Fe as the most abundant metal element, followed by Ca, Al, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Hg.     

基于计算机模拟的车门下沉刚度改进设计及模态分析

针对某车门下沉刚度问题,提出了提高车门下沉刚度的多种改进设计方案,通过有限元方法对各改进方案进行了变形量和应力计算,经比较分析,得到可行的改进方案。并计算分析了改进后车门的模态特性,为车门的改进设计提供理论依据。     

基于神经网络的感应电动机特性辨识新方法

提出并论证了一种基于神经网络的感应电动机特性辨识新方法,只需测得电机两相电流数值便可以辨识出电动机转矩和转速,用改进的Levenberg-Marquardt算法对神经网络进行学习和训练,构建了适合电动机转矩转速观测的BP神经网络。由于RBF神经网络无论是在逼近能力、函数拟合和学习速度方面都优于BP网络,也利用RBF网络进行了辨识。该方法较已经提出的方法相比,需要的检测量少,辨识方法简单。仿真研究表明,RBF神经网络辨识效果优于BP神经网络。     

汽车关门声品质主客观维度解构及应用研究

通过对关门声品质主观评价维度进行解构,将关门声的主观感知细分为总体响度、厚重感、紧凑感、精致感4个维度,并采用语义细分法结合等级评价法进行关门声品质的主观感知评价。进一步对声品质评价的大量客观参数进行主客观关联性分析,找到了与关门声品质4个感知维度相关性在0.9以上的对应客观量化指标,分别为峰值响度、低频能量、响度特征谱包络和平均尖锐。结合某乘用车关门声品质的优化案例,对提出的主客观评价方法的合理性进行了验证,结果表明,所建立的主客观评价方法,可以全面表达人对关门声品质的主观感知评价,在车门声品质开发过程中能较准确地诊断问题,对汽车关门声品质的评价与开发具有实际指导意义。     

地铁屏蔽门系统运行模式探讨

结合地铁的运营要求,探讨应用于实际工程中的屏蔽门系统的三级运行模式：正常运行模式（系统级控制）、非正常运行模式（站台级控制）和紧急运行模式（手动操作控制）,三种运行模式以手动操作控制优先级最高,站台级控制次之,系统级控制最低,给出屏蔽门总体运行流程图、开门操作流程图、闭门操作流程图.     

高架城市轨道交通的噪声特性分析

研究了上海轨道交通3号线的噪声特性,包括噪声的A声级时间历程、A声级频谱分析及时频分析,桥面、轨道振动加速度的频谱分析,主要声源的辨识,各声源对高架桥附近总噪声的贡献度分析.可为上海轨道交通3号线采取减振降噪措施方案提供参考数据.     

道路交通事故分析发展研究

近些年,我国交通事故量一直居高不下,而事故发生时车辆运行速度是分析事故原因、认定事故责任的重要内容,涉及保险理赔、法院审判等各个环节。目前分析事故原因,进行事故再现的主要途径是委托具有相关资质的事故鉴定机构进行速度重建,使用的方法主要有基于经验公式的事故重建、基于视频图像技术的事故重建、基于车载记录数据的事故重建和基于模拟软件的事故重建。文章主要介绍了交通事故分析的基本方法和发展方向。     

车门内水切升降异响分析及设计优化

主要针对汽车车门玻璃在下降过程中由于内水切"咕噜咕噜"异响问题的研究,结合实车案例分析影响内水切升降过程中异响的原因,并通过不断的设计优化断面和调整CLD值效果验证,最终解决异响问题;弥补了设计阶段需注意控制的相关设计参数,为以后新项目的设计提供了参考。