电动汽车轴向轮毂电机的工作特性

本文针对轴向永磁轮毂电机变负载调速时的传动性能,分析了启动过程中的转矩和转速等启动性能以及启动完成后的磁密、涡流损耗、传动效率等工作性能。首先运用矢量磁位法建立了数学模型,得到气隙磁密、转矩、轴向力和传动效率等工作参数的数学表达式,并运用Matlab软件进行了系统气隙磁密的数值计算;然后利用Magnet软件模拟得到了不同输入转速和不同变负载系数下启动过程的转矩和转速的变化规律,接着分析启动完成后稳定运行时的磁密、涡流损耗和传动效率;最后搭建模拟的轴向磁通轮毂电机实验平台,测量得到了不同输入转速下的转速、转矩和传动效率,验证了理论分析和模拟的正确性。本文研究成果有利于轴向永磁磁通轮毂电机传动性能的研究,对提高轮毂电机工作效率的提高具有重要意义。     

Study of the Impact of Single-and Double-tube Tunnel Systems on Rockburst in Deep-buried Extra-long Tunnelling北大核心CSCD

Rockburst is one of the main disasters for tunnelling under high ground stress. Taking the rockburst section of Ping'an Tunnel with high ground stress, which is located on Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway, as the study object, this paper adopts combined methods of filed measurement, numerical analysis, and laboratory test, and with respect to rockburst development mechanism, energy density change and rockburst strength it comprehensively analyzes the impact of two construction schemes (single-tube double-track tunnel system and double-tube single-track tunnel system) on the rockburst in deep-buried extra-long tunnels with high ground stress. The study results show that the order relation of maximum energy density at various locations of the tunnel is Uside wall >Uhance >Utunnel face >Uvault, and rockburst easily occurs at the working face of the tunnel section to be excavated and both side walls of excavated and supported section; compared with vault, hance, side wall and other locations, more energy would be released at the tunnel face, and the stress release holes shall be reasonably installed in the process of excavation; the doubletube single-track tunnel system scheme can effectively reduce the rockburst intensity and the rockburst hazards, so as to better avoid the occurrence of rockburst. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Optimal torque coordinating control of the launching with twin clutches simultaneously involved for dry dual-clutch transmission

As for the self-developed six-speed dry dual-clutch transmission (DCT), the optimal torque-coordinated control strategy between engine and dual clutches is proposed to resolve the problem of launching with twin clutches simultaneously involved based on the minimum value principle. Focusing on the sliding friction phase of the launching process, dynamics equations of dry DCT with two intermediate shafts are firstly established, and then the optimal transmitting torque variation rate and the driven plate's rotating speed of dual clutches are deduced by using the minimum value principle, in which the jerk intensity and friction work are taken as the performance indexes, and the terminal constraints of state variables are determined according to the driver's launching intention. Besides, the separating conditions of non-target gear clutch and the torque distributing relations of twin clutches are derived from the launching control targets that guarantee the approximately equal friction extent of two clutches and no power cycle. After the synchronisation of driving and driven plates of on-coming clutch, the output torque of engine is smoothly switched to the driver's demand level. Furthermore, launching the simulation model of the dry DCT vehicle is set up on the Matlab/Simulink platform. Simulation results indicate that the proposed launching control strategy not only can effectively reflect the driver's intention and extend the life span of twin clutches, but also obtain an excellent launching quality. Finally, the torque control laws of two clutches obtained through the simulation are transformed into clutch position control laws for the future realisation in the real car, and the closed-loop position controls of twin clutches in the launching process are conducted on the test bench with two sets of clutch actuator, obtaining preferable tracking effects.     

高能摩擦副齿部啮合非线性冲击损伤新算法及疲劳寿命预测

重载车辆传动系统摩擦副在接合/分离过程中，摩擦片内齿与内毂外齿为啮合状态，由于动力输出的非平稳性，使得啮合齿部处于非线性高频冲击振动，其振动及冲击损伤特性将影响着传动系统的性能和使用寿命。为能正确预估高频冲击损伤对传动系统使用寿命的影响，对摩擦片齿部冲击碰撞应力变化规律和疲劳损伤理论的应用研究，提出了一种非线性冲击损伤计算的新算法。采用疲劳累积损伤原理和门槛值计算方法，分析了非线性冲击应力特性，引入了喷丸强化因子，并将代表当前损伤状态和应力状态对疲劳损伤发展影响的无量纲因子引进模型，得到了非线性冲击总损伤的数学模型。对摩擦副齿部进行了瞬态和稳态的应力试验测试，获得了1.5 mm齿侧间隙下10 s时间段的累积损伤值，利用新算法理论计算方法，推导了摩擦片全寿命周期总损伤值，获得了疲劳寿命预估值。经计算，其有效使用寿命周期为25.56 min。为对比不同边界条件下的损伤影响状态，对常用的不同齿侧间隙（0.75，1.25 mm）摩擦片齿部疲劳寿命进行了试验测试和总损伤值计算，分别获得了不同间隙条件下的使用寿命预估，其有效使用寿命分别为100.78，25.96 min。该方法能够通过实测应力状态，获得有效时间段累积损伤值，并通过计算，获得总损伤值及全寿命疲劳失效损伤的定量预估。该算法对摩擦片齿部高频冲击疲劳失效损伤的定量评价研究具有可操作的现实指导意义，也为进一步深入研究冲击碰撞损伤并准确量化研究奠定了理论基础。     

铁尾矿与碎砖在道路基层中的综合利用

针对铁尾矿和碎砖两种废弃材料再加少量的碎石作为骨料进行道路基层方面的技术性能研究,得到一种满足规范要求的配合比方案,实现废弃的铁尾矿和碎砖在道路基层中的综合利用。同时对其与常用的水泥稳定砂砾做经济性比较,为大面积推广提供参考和依据。     

浅谈变态混凝土在施工中的质量控制

该文针对变态混凝土施工中,在不同的升层和不同的浇筑部位,通过分别不断改变变态混凝土施工的加浆方式、加浆量、每层厚度以及振捣设备等主要相关因素,观察模板拆除后变态混凝土的外观质量,通过试验得出的变态混凝土的密实度,进行对比分析,选优去差,可供类似施工参考。     

平顶山至临汝高速公路路基施工中的软土处理技术

介绍平顶山至临汝高速公路软土路段采用粉喷桩加土工格栅复合处理的技术，以及粉喷桩和土工格栅的施工工艺、施工方法及施工要求。并阐述了其质量控制措施和检测方法。     

既有线铁路路基岩溶及洞穴探测

利用复合地震排列和小极距高密度电法对既有线铁路路基岩溶和洞穴进行探测，可以得到丰富的物探资料，进而能得到较为准确的结果。     

高寒区人工建植技术关键参数研究

通过盆栽试验,研究在高寒区夏季播种深度对垂穗披碱草、草地早熟禾和紫花苜蓿3种草种的萌发率影响和播种密度对生长期植物高度、单株生物量和总生物量的影响。结果表明:在此研究条件下垂穗披碱草、草地早熟禾和紫花苜蓿的适宜播种深度分别为2~4 cm、2 cm和1 cm;播种密度与植株高度、单株生物量之间呈负相关性,总生物量与播种密度、植株高度和单株生物量之间的相关性不强,是综合因素的影响结果;垂穗披碱草和草地早熟禾的适宜播种密度约为300粒·m~(-2),紫花苜蓿的适宜播种密度约为300~500粒·m~(-2)。     

隧道仰拱组合结构的现场试验研究

在复杂地质条件下长大隧道施工过程中,为了控制隧道围岩的过大变形及加快隧道施工进度,需要将仰拱及时封闭.通过对仰拱采用钢筋混凝土预制板和干硬性混凝土组成的组合结构的现场试验研究,把仰拱上的荷载通过预制板间接传递给铺底干硬性混凝土,并充分利用干硬性混凝土强度增长快、受力后变形较小的特点,使仰拱组合结构在隧道掘进的两次出砟间隙时间内达到能通行汽车的要求.对组合结构承受不同荷载时钢筋混凝土板顶面的沉降变形及钢筋混凝土预制板和铺底混凝土之间的接触压力进行现场量测,并用有限元计算方法对试验结果进行分析验证.结果表明,由本文设计的隧道仰拱组合结构,能够增强隧道的施工安全和加快施工进度.