非公路自卸汽车外形设计与视觉效果研究

在完形心理学和视知觉理论基础上研究了非公路自卸汽车的视觉效果规律;将辅助线法应用于非公路自卸汽车视觉效果的量化分析;在对车型视觉效果分析中发现轮胎的直径是外形设计的一个关键因素,提出了基于轮胎直径的模度序列构造方法,此方法可应用于非公路自卸汽车外形设计。     

Heavy-duty vehicle modelling and longitudinal control

This paper addresses modelling, longitudinal control design and implementation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). The challenging problems here are: (a) an HDV is mass dominant with low power to mass ratio; (b) They possess large actuator delay and actuator saturation. To reduce model mismatch, it is necessary to obtain a nonlinear model which is as simple as the control design method can handle and as complicated as necessary to capture the intrinsic vehicle dynamics. A second order nonlinear vehicle body dynamical model is adopted, which is feedback linearizable. Beside the vehicle dynamics, other main dynamical components along the power-train and drive-train are also modelled, which include turbocharged diesel engine, torque converter, transmission, transmission retarder, pneumatic brake and tyre. The braking system is the most challenging part for control design, which contains three parts: Jake (engine compression) brake, air brake and transmission retarder. The modelling for each is provided. The use of engine braking effect is new complementary to Jake (compression) brake for longitudinal control, which is united with Jake brake in modelling. The control structure can be divided into upper level and lower level. Upper level control uses sliding mode control to generate the desired torque from the desired vehicle acceleration. Lower level control is divided into two branches: (a) engine control: from positive desired torque to desired fuel rate (engine control) using a static engine mapping which basically captures the intrinsic dynamic performance of the turbo-charged diesel engine; (b) brake control: from desired negative torque to generate Jake brake cylinder number to be activated and ON/OFF time periods, applied pneumatic brake pressure and applied voltage of transmission retarder. Test results are also reported.     

尼龙自润滑涂层的摩擦磨损特性及其在重型货车上的应用

确定了自润滑涂层高分子材质和前处理工艺,利用静电喷涂工艺在重型卡车传动轴总成上进行了尼龙自润滑涂层的涂敷。台架模拟试验和道路试验结果表明,PA11自润滑涂层能降低摩擦力,减少磨损,并具有较好的耐久性。     

混合动力重型货车参数局部与集成优化仿真研究

动力耦合系统的动力源参数匹配和能量管理策略两者相互关联,为提高混合动力重型货车的综合性能,两者应集成设计。针对混合动力重型货车参数匹配需反复计算、验证的特点,在Matlab/Simulink中建立了可缩放、自动寻优的参数匹配模型。以经济性为目标函数,基于粒子群算法进行动力源参数匹配,得到局部最优动力源参数结果。针对混合动力重型货车中广泛采用的基于规则的能量管理策略,其规则控制中一些阈值参数不确定的问题,应用粒子群算法对其关键控制参数进行优化,得到局部最优控制参数。为了实现全局最优的匹配结果,将动力源部件参数和控制策略参数进行集成优化,以动力性为约束条件,经济性最优为优化目标,得到全局最优的参数匹配结果。对比显示,全局优化匹配效果相较于动力源参数局部优化提升11.4%、相较于控制策略参数局部优化提升12.4%。