PEM燃料电池组动态单电压的稳定性分析

在动态工况下,PEM燃料电池单电压的稳定性是燃料电池动力系统持续稳定运行的保障,而质子交换膜的水合状态、阴极和阳极的排水状态、氢氧燃料传质效应都会显著影响单电压的稳定性。本文基于PEM燃料电池组动态工况试验,引入相对平均电压、相对差异度等指标以分析各燃料电池组单电压的稳定性,探究燃料电池组各电堆单元单电压随工况的变化规律及影响因素,以评价燃料电池电堆性能,指导系统控制策略的制定。     

波浪运动对风机基础结构的动力响应影响

随着海上风电的发展，海上风机基础的动力响应越来越引起人们的关注。在以往的设计中，一般只考虑静态的波浪力，忽略波浪的动力响应，根据静态波浪力来校核基础结构强度。本文以海上固定式三桩钢结构风机基础，江苏沿海潮间带海域的环境条件和地质数据，论述其波浪动力响应对结构的影响。     

System optimal dynamic traffic assignment: Properties and solution procedures in the case of a many-to-one network

Thanks to its high dimensionality and a usually non-convex constraint set, system optimal dynamic traffic assignment remains one of the most challenging problems in transportation research. This paper identifies two fundamental properties of the problem and uses them to design an efficient solution procedure. We first show that the non-convexity of the problem can be circumvented by first solving a relaxed problem and then applying a traffic holding elimination procedure to obtain the solution(s) of the original problem. To efficiently solve the relaxed problem, we explore the relationship between the relaxed problems based on different traffic flow models (PQ, SQ, CTM) and a minimal cost flow (MCF) problem for a special space-expansion network. It is shown that all the four problem formulations produce the same minimal system cost and share one common solution which does not involve inside queues in the network. Efficient solution algorithms such as the network simplex method can be applied to solve the MCF problem and identify such an optimal traffic pattern. Numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution procedure.     

动态视频字符发生器的设计与应用

视频字符发生器是一种在视频电子信号中叠加字符信息的系统，即把字符或时间信号加入到视频信号中，使之在屏幕的特定位置上，以特定的模式显示出来。如：显示日期、时间、图片等有关数据。本系统的视频输入信号接VCD／DVD，视频输出信号接电视机，可以通过按键实现内同步或外同步功能，在视频上显示指定的字符和图片，通过添加少量的外接电路来实现温度采集以及实时显示的功能。     

构造应力场中层状围岩隧道动力响应数值分析

层状岩层的横观各向同性使得振动波在岩层中沿着不同方向传播时,质点的振动特性有着一定的差异。以我国西南地区某高海拔山区单向公路隧道的全断面爆破掘进为研究背景,利用FLAC 3D软件对构造应力场中均质围岩及倾角不同的层状围岩在隧道爆破开挖过程中的变形、振动速度进行研究。研究结果表明,隧道开挖爆破后,洞周岩体变形不对称式分布,左、右拱腰部位变形最大,均质围岩洞周各部位变形在5种模型中相对较小;爆源距相同时,层状围岩左、右测点的x向振动速度均大于上、下测点的z向振动速度;断层破碎带、层理结构面对于振动波的传播既有消振又有聚振的作用,与断层破碎带和层理结构面的产状、空间关系及振动波相对结构面入射角度有关。     

Modelling and validation of coupled high-speed maglev train-and-viaduct systems considering support flexibility

This study presents a more realistic modelling of the maglev-based high-speed railway line in Shanghai, China. Focus is placed on an accurate simulation of the two subsystems: the train subsystem including the magnets and the viaduct subsystem including the modular function units of the rails. The electromagnet force–air gap model with a proportional-derivative (PD) controller is adopted to simulate the interaction between the maglev train via its electromagnets and the viaduct via its modular function units. The flexibilities of the rails, girders, piers and associated elastic bearings are all considered in the modelling of the viaduct subsystem to investigate their effects on an interaction between the two subsystems. By applying the proposed model to the Shanghai maglev line, the essential characteristics of the coupled system can be duly captured. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach are then validated by comparing the computed dynamic responses and frequencies with the measurement results. It is confirmed that the proposed modelling with a detailed simulation of the magnets and modular function units can duly account for the dynamic interaction between the train and viaduct systems. Moreover, the effects of the inclusion of the flexibilities of the rails, girders and elastic supports to the response of the coupled system are respectively investigated, the results of which prove that their involvements are essential to the accurate prediction of the response of the coupled maglev train–viaduct system.     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

循环荷载下压实粉土的动态特性

为了研究交通循环荷载下黄河冲积粉土的动态特性,基于室内应力控制式动三轴试验,并考虑动应力、含水率两个因素的变化,研究了压实粉土的累积塑性变形、回弹模量及临界动应力的变化规律.试验结果表明:循环荷载下压实粉土的累积变形与动应力、含水率的高低均有关,动应力越大,累积变形随含水率增加而增长较快;压实粉土的回弹模量随动应力增加而缓慢降低,随含水率增加线性减小;压实粉土的临界动应力随含水率增加线性降低.     

适于水下爆炸的动态稳定性判别准则研究

通过对水下爆炸载荷的分析和已有动态稳定性判别准则的对比,提出适合于水下爆炸的动态稳定性判别准则:基丁药量的B-R准则、基于爆距的B-R准则和基于新型冲击因子的B-R准则.利用该准则计算了某型舰在水下爆炸中舱壁结构的动态稳定性.计算发现气泡脉动载荷在舱壁动稳性中是不可忽视的,且水下爆炸中结构的稳定性分为3个阶段.     

Modeling Human Vehicle Driving by Model Predictive Online Optimization

A driver model is designed which relates the driver's action to his perception, driving experience, and preferences over a wide range of possible traffic situations. The basic idea behind the work is that the human uses his sensory perception and his expert knowledge to predict the vehicle's future behavior for the next few seconds (prediction model). At a certain sampling rate the vehicle's future motion is optimized using this prediction model, in order to meet certain objectives. The human tries to follow this optimal behavior using a compensatory controller. Based on this hypothesis, human vehicle driving is modeled by a hierarchical controller. A repetitive nonlinear optimization is employed to plan the vehicle's future motion (trajectory planning task), using an SQP algorithm. This is combined with a PID tracking control to minimize its deviations. The trajectory planning scheme is experimentally verified for undisturbed driving situations employing various objectives, namely ride comfort, lane keeping, and minimized speed variation. The driver model is then applied to study path planning during curve negotiation under various preferences. A highly dynamic avoidance maneuver (standardized ISO double lane change) is then simulated to investigate the overall stability of the closed loop vehicle/driver system.