城市轨道交通车站客流安全检测与应急管理系统

围绕为城市轨道交通车站安全应急管理决策提供技术支持的核心目标,设计和研发面向车站管理人员的城市轨道交通车站客流安全检测系统;深入研究建设和实现系统的相关集成技术及关键保障技术,有效实现客流安全问题的实时自动发现、人工确认,以及应急预案启动、预案实施效果实时跟踪及过程控制,以保障城市轨道交通车站安全事件处理的实时高效性,提高城市轨道交通车站安全管理水平.     

闸机通道中基于视频人脸检测的身高测量

提出了一种基于视频人脸检测的身高测量.在不改变闸机现有造型的条件下,通过安装在闸机侧壁上的摄像头,标定视频中人体高度与视频帧中人体高度对应的像素数,然后进行人脸检测,实现了测量一定范围内身高的目的.试验结果表明,可以实现较大范围的身高测量,并且比现有的光电管对射法测量身高具有更大的灵活性.     

土石混填路基强夯法施工质量无损检测技术

对于土石混填路基强夯处治效果的评价,还没有比较好的无损检测手段。采用测量面波速度的方法来评价强夯加固处治措施的效果,在阐述了该方法的原理及特点后,结合梁长高速公路的路基强夯实际工程,应用该方法对该段高速公路的路基压实度进行了评价。结果表明:强夯处治前后面波速度的变化反映了岩土力学性质的变化,利用测量面波速度的方法可以评价强夯加固处治措施的效果,瑞利波法用于评价强夯施工效果高效、准确,值得大力推广。     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

U341E型自动变速器电磁阀的检测与故障诊断

该文以U341E型自动变速器电磁阀为例,叙述了电磁阀的结构特点、检测标准等。作者结合工作实践中遇到的行车故障,进行反复的车辆路试,掌握第一手的故障现象、故障特征,巧妙的运用电磁阀的工作规律,进行列表式的推理分析,最终清晰准确的诊断由电磁阀引发的故障。     

非接触式遥感路面状态检测预警系统研究与应用

为了实现道路路面状态检测和预警,自主开发了非接触式遥感路面状态检测预警系统。采用红外遥感和多光谱测量技术,以路面温度、空气湿度及水或冰或雪的厚度和透光率等参数为核心,对系统技术原理和算法、数据分析处理和控制及数据传输等关键技术进行了研究。通过水、冰及雪对3个波长光的不同吸光系数,确定了路面覆盖物的类型,计算了水、冰及雪的厚度。经多次现场测试数据验证,测试结果准确可靠,各项功能和性能满足实际要求。该系统已在中国多条高速公路中成功应用,为交管部门实施交通预警及疏导方案提供了数据依据,极大地提高了应对突发天气状况的及时性和准确性,有力保障了道路交通安全,取得了显著的安全效益和社会经济效益,具有广泛的推广应用前景。     

Perspectives on railway track geometry condition monitoring from in-service railway vehicles

This paper presents a view of the current state of monitoring track geometry condition from in-service vehicles. It considers technology used to provide condition monitoring; some issues of processing and the determination of location; how things have evolved over the past decade; and what is being, or could/should be done in future research. Monitoring railway track geometry from an in-service vehicle is an attractive proposition that has become a reality in the past decade. However, this is only the beginning. Seeing the same track over and over again provides an opportunity for observing track geometry degradation that can potentially be used to inform maintenance decisions. Furthermore, it is possible to extend the use of track condition information to identify if maintenance is effective, and to monitor the degradation of individual faults such as dipped joints. There are full unattended track geometry measurement systems running on in-service vehicles in the UK and elsewhere around the world, feeding their geometry measurements into large databases. These data can be retrieved, but little is currently done with the data other than the generation of reports of track geometry that exceeds predefined thresholds. There are examples of simpler systems that measure some track geometry parameters more or less directly and accurately, but forego parameters such as gauge. Additionally, there are experimental systems that use mathematics and models to infer track geometry using data from sensors placed on an in-service vehicle. Finally, there are systems that do not claim to measure track geometry, but monitor some other quantity such as ride quality or bogie acceleration to infer poor track geometry without explicitly measuring it.     

基于序列影像种子跟踪的道路线自动提取算法

为快速建立道路精确的几何模型,利用车载移动测量系统获取的序列影像开展了道路边线自动提取方法研究.针对不同类型道路边线的特征,提出了一种基于序列影像种子跟踪的道路线自动算法.首先,对不同质量道路影像分别采用基于灰度信息和梯度信息的道路边线边缘检测方法;其次,采用线性回归模型拟合道路边线,以当前帧拟合直线为种子点,提出了基于种子直线的序列影像感兴趣预测方法,在此基础上对下一帧影像道路边线进行跟踪;最后,以高速公路和城市街区道路序列影像为例,开展了道路边线自动跟踪提取试验,结果表明此方法可以达到优于20 cm的精度,具有很好的鲁棒性.     

小波分析在高速公路事件检测中的应用

采用小波分析方法研究高速公路事件检测问题,介绍小波变换和多孔算法,阐述事件检测原理,给出事件检测步骤,并对实际例子进行分析。试验结果表明,将小波分析用于高速公路事件检测中有其优越之处。     

含曲线边裂纹桥墩的扭转断裂分析

研究含边裂纹桥墩的Saint-Venant扭转,将问题划归为裂纹上边界积分方程的求解。提出了新的边界元数值方法,对分别含有圆弧边裂纹和直线边裂纹的典型问题进行了数值计算,并与用Gauss-Chebyshev求积法计算的直裂纹情形结果进行了比较,证明了本文公式的正确性和有效性。