考虑溶洞空间形态的岩溶桩基稳定性分析方法

岩溶桩基的应用随岩溶地区交通工程建设的快速发展而越来越普遍,如何评价桩端岩溶顶板稳定性成为岩溶桩基设计的关键问题之一,针对目前桩端岩溶顶板稳定性分析平面假设的不完善性,考虑溶蚀作用形成的溶洞所具有的空间形态特征进行岩溶桩基稳定性分析。首先,将基桩作用下的岩溶顶板分别简化为固支梁、抛物线拱、圆拱与固支双向板等承载模型,采用结构力学与双向板分析理论建立不同模型的桩端岩溶顶板抗弯最小安全厚度计算方法;其次,通过计算结果对比分析,揭示岩溶顶板最小安全厚度随矢高的变化规律;在分析岩溶顶板冲切破坏与剪切破坏形式的基础上,探讨桩端岩溶顶板破坏模式的控制因素及其影响规律,进而获得桩端荷载、石灰岩抗拉强度、溶洞跨度与矢高等因素对桩端岩溶顶板承载特性的影响规律;然后,基于溶洞钻孔探测所得地质勘查信息构建岩溶桩基稳定性分析流程,提出考虑溶洞空间形态特征的岩溶桩基稳定性分析方法;最后,通过工程案例具体分析桩端岩溶顶板最小安全厚度及其破坏模式随矢高的变化规律。研究结果表明：桩端岩溶顶板破坏模式不仅与溶洞跨度、桩径有关,而且与溶洞形态及其矢高也密切相关,此外,石灰岩抗拉强度对岩溶顶板稳定性的影响同样较大,详细全面的工程勘察资料能使桩端岩溶顶板稳定性分析结果更接近实际情况。     

略谈高速公路服务区的建筑节能

从建筑节能的角度,探讨高速路服务区的节能减排,倡导在今后服务区建设和改扩建中树立并积极推行绿色建筑理念,着重从节水方面提出了相关的措施和建议。     

山西平遥至榆社高速公路穿越自然保护区路段的生态环境影响评价

结合山西平遥至榆社高速公路的环境影响评价工作,通过对拟穿越超山自然保护区路段生态环境现状的调查,论述了公路建设可能对生态环境造成的影响,并提出了相应的措施和建议。     

地埋式一体化污水处理系统在高速公路服务区的应用

针对高速公路污水量和水质的特点,设计采用地埋式一体化污水处理系统。通过实际应用和跟踪监测,该系统的应用可实现高速公路服务区污水的达标排放。     

西部地区公路地质灾害监测预报技术研究

“西部地区公路地质灾害监测预报技术研究”项目针对西部地区公路地质灾害危险性区划、滑坡、崩塌与泥石流监测预报及地质灾害安全管理等关键技术问题进行深入系统研究,形成了公路滑坡、崩塌与泥石流监测预报成套技术,建立了公路地质灾害数据标准,构建了“基于GIS的公路地质灾害监测预报信息系统”平台,实现了公路地质灾害监测实时分析处理和动态预报,为地质灾害综合管理提供技术支撑。     

Using on-board logging devices to study the longer-term impact of an eco-driving course

In this paper the long-term impact of an eco-driving training course is evaluated by monitoring driving behavior and fuel consumption for several months before and after the course. Cars were equipped with an on-board logging device that records the position and speed of the vehicle using GPS tracking as well as real time as electronic engine data extracted from the controller area network. The data includes mileage, number of revolutions per minute, position of the accelerator pedal, and instantaneous fuel consumption. It was gathered over a period of 10 months for 10 drivers during real-life conditions thus enabling an individual drive style analysis. The average fuel consumption four months after the course fell by 5.8%. Most drivers showed an immediate improvement in fuel consumption that was stable over time, but some tended to fall back into their original driving habits.     

Area- and gender-based commuting differentials in India’s largest urban-rural region

In the countries of the Global South such as India, rapid urbanization and the increase in individual motorization may lead to a predominance of unsustainable commuting patterns. However, urbanization also has important positive effects, including the empowerment of women. This paper examines newly released, spatially disaggregated data on home-to-work commuting by non-agricultural workers in the National Capital Region of India. It aims to understand and compare commuting patterns in urban and rural areas, including choice of travel modes, commuting distances, and gender differentials.The results reveal a tendency observable in urban residents to use individual motorized transport more often both for short and for long trips, although the proportion of individual motorization is far from what it is in the industrial world. Rural areas are characterized by the predominance of non-motorized travel modes and a large share of long trips. The mobility gap between men and women does not appear to increase with literacy. In urban areas, women often choose to commute by car rather than using green modes of transportation (especially in higher-income districts). The paper stresses the importance of the area and gender differentials that need to be taken into account when formulating regional transport policies.     

Papahānaumokuākea: Integrating Culture in the Design and Management of one of the World's Largest Marine Protected Areas

Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is one of the world's largest marine protected areas and was designated the first mixed conservation site in the United States due to its natural and cultural importance. It is also the world's first cultural seascape, being recognized for its continuing connections to indigenous people. As the westernmost place in the Hawaiian universe, many believe these islands and seas are the pathway that Native Hawaiians travel after death, returning to pō (night; realm of the gods). This intimate kinship has profound implications for contemporary management. Current management emphasizes integration of science, policy, cultural knowledge, traditions, and practices to create successful management strategies appropriate for both natural and cultural resources. This management is based on Native Hawaiian values and practices that incorporate observation and understanding of the natural world, indigenous principles and philosophies, cultural norms, community relationships, and unique epistemologies deeply imbedded in and formed by relationships of people with place. A cornerstone of this effort has been the direct involvement of cultural practitioners in policy, management, education, and research. This biocultural approach has led to more effective management of the monument and serves as a model for conservation around the world.     

大丰港海域挟沙力关系式分析及应用

基于大丰港附近海域实测水文泥沙资料,对目前国内应用较为广泛的5种挟沙力关系式在大丰港附近海域进行应用计算,在此基础上,采用集中系数法和偏离系数法对计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明:河口水流挟沙力公式能较好地反映大丰港海域的水流挟沙情况,并拟合得到适用于大丰港海域的挟沙力关系式,将该公式应用于大丰港实际围垦工程中,通过建立二维水动力泥沙数学模型,计算得到的围垦后垦区海域年冲淤变化趋势,与数值模拟结果基本相同,表明该公式在大丰港海域具有良好的适用性。     

船舶稳定计算在浅水倒驳抛石中的应用

针对船舶施工安全稳定性问题,以马来西亚槟城吹填二期（STP2）工程为例,介绍特定条件限制下的浅水抛石施工方法,以施工过程中的船舶稳定性验算为理论基础,判定了船舶的横倾角并通过工程实例验证,为类似工程提供相对简单、实用的船舶安全验算基础。