城市轨道交通应急救援信息系统研究

深入研究城市轨道交通建设及运营过程中的安全问题,分析各事故的影响因素,建立城市轨道交通应急救援信息系统,对系统中应用的两种关键技术（短信平台技术和现场监控技术）进行详细探讨和研究。     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

论我国公路交通应急及运输保障体系的建设

针对自然灾害或重大事件(如5.12四川汶川发生的8级地震;2007年末,2008年初之际,我国南方大部分地区发生50年一遇的特大雪灾等)引发的应急情况的运输物资保障问题,一些机场关闭,公路、铁路部分路段封闭,给人民群众出行和物资运输带来极大困难,交通应急运输需求显得更加迫切。以国外公路应急及运输保障的经验以及对我国建立应急运输保障体系的启迪为依据,运用系统方法论,通过比较法,分析研究了我国公路交通应急运输保障的发展状况并深入剖析了我国在公路交通应急运输方面存在的主要问题,提出了构建我国应急物资运输保障体系的措施与建议。     

某型汽车电站交流输出控制电路故障分析与应急处置方法

根据交流输出控制电路的原理,进行了故障分析与排除,提出了在野战或器材紧缺条件下的应急处置方法。     

避险车道设置的研究

根据失控车辆的运行轨迹,全面分析其在避险车道内的受力过程,同时利用物理学的经典公式,推导出避险车道的坡度和长度的计算公式,可为各种有关避险车道的实验性研究提供参考。     

基于 BIM-VR 的轨道交通车站客流疏散仿真研究

城市轨道交通是很多大中城市公共交通系统的骨干,对其进行车站内火灾事故的仿真研究十分必要,以往既有行人模型研究主要采用微观仿真方法。基于广泛应用的建筑信息模型(BIM)技术、虚拟现实(VR)技术以及智能体(Agent)模型,实现高真实度的行人紧急疏散仿真;并通过整合研究成果,开发VR疏散仿真系统。采用Revit软件工具进行BIM建模,将完成后的BIM模型载入VR引擎Unity3D中,在Unity内完成BIM与VR的对接工作,实现外部VR设备对接,为BIM模型快速VR化提供技术支持,节省建模工作量;通过对国内外相关规范的对比分析,在VR场景内实现虚拟火灾情景,设置不同的火灾工况与模式;对行人进行类别划分与参数赋予,结合C#编程与有限状态机原理,实现Agent根据环境条件自主进行状态切换,并进行相应的行为;开发VR疏散仿真系统,并针对实际工程问题进行系统案例应用。结合BIM、VR技术的诸多优点,并通过Agent模型构建,实现更加逼真的行人疏散仿真,开发出的VR系统在科研与工程应用领域也能够发挥作用。     

舱室进水情况下潜艇的挽回操纵

当潜艇由于各种意外事故造成艇体或通海管路破损进水后,具有淹水舱的潜艇在车、舵和高压气吹除作用下的挽回运动过程复杂而危险。文章借助Laval喷管理论建立了高压气吹除主压载水舱的模型,从而建立起包括舱室进水,用车用舵和舱室吹除等因素在内的,考虑了大攻角影响的潜艇挽回六自由度空间操纵运动模型。同时,针对不同进水部位、不同进水方式和不同航行深度等因素,计算得到了典型的潜艇水下操纵性安全界限图中的进水限制线。     

珠江水域雷暴引发事故原因分析及对策

分析珠江口水域因雷暴引发的船舶碰撞事故,结合船舶、航运企业和海事部门对该类事故进行安全管理的现状,指出对珠江口水域雷暴引发海事事故预防和控制上存在的问题,为船舶、航运企业、海事部门预防和控制雷暴引发海事事故提供对策.     

船舶溢油应急处置组织间关联关系形式化描述

为形式化描述船舶溢油应急处置流程中相关组织间的联系,首先利用集合论思想,将应急处置流程抽象为任务集、实体集和联系集的组合,并基于事故报告、应急计划启动、应急方案生成和应急方案执行4个阶段进行形式化描述,在此基础上,给出应急处置流程中的相关组织间的联系网络。研究表明:任务集、实体集和联系集3个不交集合可以覆盖应急处置的全部行为要素,集中式的组织结构可以提高组织的时效性。     

基于改进蚁群算法的山区无人机路径规划方法

对无人机在山区执行应急物资运输任务时的飞行路径规划问题进行研究.基于对无人机的性能分析与比选,探讨了路径规划的约束条件,提出了一种考虑路径安全度的改进蚁群算法.首先,基于高海拔山峰的位置构造泰森多边形,获取无人机在山区避障飞行条件下的路径可行解;其次,为避开山峰密集区域,建立路径安全度约束,缩小可行解范围;进而,利用蚁群算法搜索最短路径;最后,消除路径中不必要的障碍点以进一步缩短距离,并综合考虑无人机性能参数对拐角进行平滑处理,获得最终可用于实际飞行的最优安全路径.算例分析表明,改进的蚁群算法较传统算法收敛速度更快,且生成的路径更短.