救援通道施工爆破对已建高铁隧道的振动安全分析

为确保已建金山顶高铁隧道衬砌结构的安全,有必要在救援通道爆破施工过程中对其开展爆破振动监测。采用TC-4850N无线网络爆破测振仪进行监测,监测结果表明:既有隧道迎爆侧的衬砌结构断面振动最大;基于最小二乘法对监测数据进行回归分析并得到了爆破振动萨道夫斯基经验衰减公式参数;根据公式参数对后续爆破提出了爆破振动控制措施,做到当振动速度超过安全阀值时及时调整爆破参数,取得了较好的效果。     

兰新高速铁路综合维修天窗设置方式研究

在分析兰新高速铁路的线路、运输组织、车站、接触网、综合维修、供电制式等方面特点的基础上,研究兰新高速铁路综合维修天窗的时间需求,重点确定兰新高速铁路天窗开设方式,建议采用分段矩形天窗。并通过铺画列车运行图,分析兰新高速铁路开设分段矩形天窗对跨线旅客列车终到时间、通过能力、运行调整等方面的影响。按客流区段设置分段矩形天窗可以保证综合维修作业和行车的安全。     

Designing a sliding mode controller for slip control of antilock brake systems

Antilock brake system (ABS) has been designed to achieve maximum negative acceleration by preventing the wheels from locking. Research shows that the friction between road and tire is a nonlinear function of wheel slip. Therefore, maximum negative acceleration can be achieved by designing a suitable control system for wheel slip regulation at its optimum value. Since there is a lot of nonlinearity and uncertainty (uncertainty in mass and center of gravity of the vehicle and road condition) in vehicle dynamics, a robust control method should be used. In this research, a sliding mode controller for wheel slip control has been designed based on a two-axle vehicle model. Important considered parameters for vehicle dynamic include two separated brake torques for front and rear wheels as well as longitudinal weight transfer caused by the acceleration or deceleration. One of the common problems in sliding mode control is chattering phenomenon. In this paper, primary controller design has been improved using integral switching surface to reduce chattering effects. Simulation results show the success of integral switching surface in elimination of chattering side effects and by high performance of this controller. At the end, the performance of the designed controller has been compared with three of the prevalent papers results to determine the performance of sliding mode control integrated with integral switching surface.     

基于FPGA中的软核在高速公路计重设备中的应用及研究

阐述了对高速公路收费系统中所应用的计重设备的发展,并全面的分析了目前应用在收费系统中的各种嵌入式产品的优缺点,最后主要分析了目前NiosII嵌入软核在计重设备中的应用。     

A Review of Ex-Post Evidence for Mode Substitution and Induced Demand Following the Introduction of High-Speed Rail

ABSTRACT

To date, relatively little is known about the nature of the demand for high-speed rail (HSR) soon after inauguration of the services, despite close to 50-year experience of HSR operation and 17 166?km of HSR network around the world. This is a real lacuna given the scale of HSR construction around the world, the amount of resources committed to it, the desired accessibility, economic and environmental effects associated with HSR development and the relatively poor track record of forecasting demand for HSR services. Focusing on mode substitution and induced demand effects, this review aims to fill the gap in knowledge about the ex-post demand for HSR services in order to facilitate a learning process for the planning of the future HSR network. Although there is not much evidence on the demand for HSR services and existing evidence is largely influenced by route-specific characteristics, a methodological limitation that must be acknowledged, the evidence presented allows a better characterisation of HSR as a mode of transport. The review shows that the demand for HSR a few years after inauguration is about 10–20% induced demand and the rest is attributed to mode substitution. In terms of mode substitution, in most cases the majority of HSR passengers have used the conventional rail before. Substitution from aircraft, car and coach is generally more modest.     

Internalization of Transportation External Costs: Impact Analysis of Logistics Company Mode and Route Choices

Abstract

This study focuses on the mode and route choices of a logistics company in a situation involving intercity transportation with networks of surface roads, highways and a railway. A method of transportation network analysis is applied to construct a logistics company mode and route choice models with the objective of minimizing total distribution and external costs. This study also assumes that the fleet number and vehicle capacities are given. Freight distributed from a distribution center to given retailers or consumers via surface road/highway links or via intermodal transportation involving surface road/highway links and a railway. In terms of model construction, this study first explores the routing and sequence of the retailers and consumers served by each vehicle. Second, the study internalizes the external cost of air pollution into the total distribution cost, to analyze the influences of external cost burdens on a logistics company mode and route choices from a user charge perspective. Finally, the study designs a heuristic algorithm for solving the above models, and illuminates the modeling process using a numerical example.     

高职扩招背景下汽车专业人才培养教学模式研究

高职扩招百万背景下生源多元化带来分层教学的必然要求,对教师、教材和教法也提出了新要求。以汽车检测与维修技术专业群扩招生源为例进行的改革与实践,根据扩招生源学生特点,创新构建人才培养模式、师资团队、课程体系、活页式教材,开展符合扩招生源学生的教学模式。     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

锦白铁路扩能工程牵引方式的研究

牵引方式是铁路主要技术标准之一,合理的牵引方式能够为国民经济的发展带来巨大的效益。锦白铁路是一条以煤炭运输为主的货运铁路,运量到发地集中,通道独立性高,运量增长潜力大,采用电力牵引优势明显,这也符合国家能源政策及铁路规划,且运营期的费用较内燃牵引节省程度大,投资回报率高,回收期短,所以本线的牵引方式宜采用电力牵引。     

现代有轨电车售检票系统方案的研究

简要分析地铁售检票模式、快速公交售检票模式和公交汽车售检票模式的特点,结合分析现代有轨电车售检票系统技术的特点。以此为基础,从现代有轨电车售检票方案、系统票制方案、车票方案等方面内容重点阐述现代有轨电车售检票系统方案的研究。