A combined assessment of air and noise pollution on the High Line,New York City

The High Line is an elevated public park in New York City, transformed from an unused freight rail line. Pedestrians walking through Manhattan’s West Side can walk either on the High Line or on a footpath below. Using Manhattan as a laboratory, this paper offers a combined assessment of noise and particulate matter pollution for its pedestrians. Noise and PM_2.5 levels were recorded simultaneously for two cases (i) pedestrians walking on a footpath alongside road traffic and (ii) pedestrians walking on the elevated High Line. Testing took places over three days in autumn 2014. Results were analysed to investigate if pedestrians using the High Line would have a lower pollution exposure to those using the footpath below. Results showed statistically significant differences between the upper and lower levels in exposure to both pollution types. In order to quantify the overall impact, results are expressed through a combined air–noise pollution index. This index indicates that the average reduction in PM_2.5 and noise pollution along the High Line compared to the footpath below is approximately 37%.     

集美大学教学实习船“育德”轮总体设计

"育德"轮是上海船舶研究设计院为集美大学设计的用于航海专业教学实习、科学研究兼顾货物运输的教学实习船。该船是目前世界吨位最大的教学实习船,配备了功能齐全的教学设施、先进的科研设备以及舒适的学习生活环境。该船还具有安全性高、绿色环保和经济性优异等特点。     

Tyre/road noise damping characteristics using nomographs and fundamental vibroacoustical relationships

Several studies have successfully developed laboratory and field measurement techniques to estimate tyre/road noise damping characteristics. However, laboratory–field noise correlations of pavement types in the form of nomographs is essential to cognize the pavements’ acoustical properties from a practical perspective. A toolkit that readily provides field tyre/road noise intensity of different pavement materials is needed. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop nomographs with relationships for tyre/road noise versus pavement materials’ viscoelastic–vibroacoustical properties. Isothermal and isochronal nomographs of phase angle–tyre/road noise as toolkits were developed based upon well-established phase angle and noise intensities typical of mixtures, making the nomograph correlations very authentic, realistic, and novel along with benefit to predict tyre/road noise at any desired temperature and traffic speed (or frequency) combination. This study is envisaged to benefit in the discernment of road materials’ damping capabilities from vibroacoustical and field noise–viscoelastic relation aspects.     

地铁供电系统中压开关柜电流分析理论和方法

通过分析地铁供电系统不同电压等级的设备电流特征,确定35 kV电压等级设备电流可构造标准曲线,采用机器智能学习算法分析、测算地铁供电系统中各类开关峰谷时段运行电流,以均值-方差方法确定电流的高度异常偏离点,实现异常点数据周期内统计以及实时提醒功能。应用电流实测值分析电流在工作日、节假日的不同曲线,为负荷预测和非正常运行方式下的负荷叠加风险提供预测和评估依据,保障供电系统的安全运行,提高负荷管控效率。     

The vulnerability of the environment to spills of dangerous substances on highways: A diagnosis based on multi criteria modeling

Highways and freeways are the main infrastructure channel used to transport cargo in Brazil. This cargo often includes dangerous chemical products which can, in the event of an accident, negatively impact the environment. The development and implementation of tools for the rapid diagnosis of environmental vulnerability in the transportation of dangerous goods has been studied. However, for highways and freeways there is a lack of studies based on environmental attributes, and not just based on statistical data which demands a specific period for collection and analysis and only after that the implementation of preventive measures. Thus, evaluation grounded on multiple criteria embedded in Geographic Information System (GIS) has significant potential for the practical implementation of risk management of road transportation of dangerous goods. This study has determined the environmental vulnerability of route BR 050, specifically the segment between the cities of Uberlândia and Uberaba in the state of Minas Gerais, where multi criteria analysis has been efficient in determining the most vulnerable areas. The main attributes analyzed were the drainage density, soil type and geology, determining that in case of an accident with dangerous substances the regional environment would be immediately affected, and so endorsing the use of this tool in many segments involved in environmental management of highway enterprises.     

认知语境与英语学习中的主动倾听

认知语境是一种理论构架,是人头脑中固有知识的集合体.主动倾听是听者积极寻找话语含义的一种认知方法,通过分析认知语境对英语学习中主动倾听影响,对大学英语的科研改革带来一点启示.     

米思米软件在模具工业中应用的可行性分析

本文介绍了米思米软件的创立以及三大功能,分析了该软件的优越性,得出作为标准件的全球性软件,在企业中米思米软件可以缩短设计时间,提高采购部门的效率,最终缩短整个从设计到制作的时间;在教学中米思米软件可以提高学生学习兴趣,巩固理论知识,强化实践操作,其应用前景非常广阔。     

废弃泥浆在盾构壁后注浆中的应用

在泥水盾构施工过程中不可避免地会产生大量的废弃泥浆,处理泥浆一是需要较高的资金投入,二是可能会对环境造成严重污染。利用废弃泥浆配制壁后注浆砂浆,利用盾构弃浆代替砂浆中的膨润土和水,研究弃浆对壁后注浆砂浆工程性能的影响。结果表明:1)相对体积质量为1.16、黏度为22 s的泥浆配制壁后注浆材料可得到较好的流动性和稠度,并且泌水率优于原配比;2)相对体积质量为1.27、黏度为24 s的泥浆会明显降低砂浆的流动度,对砂浆可泵送能力有一定的影响;3)适当调整水胶比和泥浆相对体积质量,配制壁后注浆材料各方面性能均能达到壁后注浆材料的要求;4)废弃泥浆配制砂浆是一种既经济又环保的弃浆处理回收再利用的工艺工法。     

汽车运动噪声研究现状及展望

随着汽车运动速度的提高及汽车日益轻量化,汽车的车内外运动噪声越来越严重,影响行车的安全性、舒适性、动力性和经济性,也干扰其它车辆的行驶和附近居民的正常生活,其研究具有重要意义。分析引起运动噪声的主要噪声源,概述其形成机理,介绍其研究现状及方法,并对其发展进行展望。     

基于名义应力法的动车组车体净水箱吊装部件疲劳强度分析

针对高速运行动车组车体悬挂设备振动疲劳损伤问题,以某型动车组车顶净水箱吊装结构为研究对象,采用名义应力法对吊装结构的焊缝部位进行疲劳强度评估.根据EN 12663标准确定净水箱的工作载荷工况,采用有限元法计算了各工况下结构的振动响应,并基于BS标准计算了焊缝疲劳评估点的寿命.假定各载荷工况出现频率相同的情况下,构造了工作载荷历程,采用Fe-safe软件对焊缝的疲劳寿命进行了仿真分析.两种方法分析结果均表明:焊缝1与焊缝2寿命最低,是结构最易发生疲劳破坏的位置;焊缝位于筋板表面的焊趾寿命低于位于主支撑板表面的焊趾寿命.