Car sharing in Norwegian urban areas: Examining interest,intention and the decision to enrol

This article’s objective is to investigate the effects of sociodemographic and residential built environments, directly and indirectly through personality traits, attitudes and car ownership, on willingness to use car sharing in the case of Norway. This is done by examining multiple dimensions of the adoption process: the stated general interest and intention to participate in car sharing among non-members, as well as the decision to enrol as a car sharing user by comparing members to non-members. In this study, we analyse web survey data from 2414 residents from urban areas in Norway, using three structural equation models. Our findings indicate that the adoption of car sharing is complexly related to car ownership, with a noteworthy discrepancy indicating greater car sharing interest, but lower car sharing membership rates among car owners. We also find that environmental concerns exert a clear positive effect on all three dimensions of the adoption process. Being careful with money is linked negatively to interest and intention to participate, while being sociable and agreeable exerts no effect. Car sharers’ sociodemographic profiles are typically that of early adopters, but many of the effects, especially on interest, are mediated by car ownership, environmental consciousness and/or being careful with money, rather than directly on the sociodemographic profiles. Finally, we find car sharing to be more prominent in denser areas, but we did not discover a clear connection with access to public transport.     

考虑乘客情感价值影响的公交忠诚度评价方法

构建考虑乘客“情感价值”变量影响的公交忠诚度结构方程模型，分析乘客公交使用意愿的内在作用机理并提取相关影响因素，用于把握乘客的需求心理和公交服务改善诉求.依托厦门市公交意愿调查数据，模型结果证实，除商品消费本身产生的效用价值外，乘客在长期使用公交方式出行时产生的情感依赖同样会对公交服务价值的感知产生影响.模型指标得分结果表明，乘客对公交服务总体水平的满意度较低，但受制于其他因素，乘客不得不继续依赖公交出行的意愿依旧强烈.相关显变量得分显示，“站台设施和候车环境”“车辆运行平稳性”“车辆行驶速度”“行车安全与司机驾驶习惯”等服务内容是公交服务改善的重点.     

Ship motion-sloshing interaction using a field method

Even in relatively calm waters, low amplitude wave-induced motions of an LNG carrier may induce large amplitude liquid sloshing inside the ship's partially filled tanks, and the interaction between ship motions and sloshing may affect the ship's seekeeping properties. A computational procedure, here referred to as the RANS-RANS method, was developed to account for this interaction, and this method was then employed to predict the free surface flow inside the tanks and the corresponding motions of the ship in regular head and beam waves. This method coupled a compressible VoF technique with a generic wave generation and absorption scheme to obtain wave-induced ship motions with and without considering the effects of sloshing in the ship's tanks. Systematic grid studies were performed to obtain a sufficiently fine grid needed to yield converging predictions. The resulting wave patterns, ship motions, and internal sloshing elevations were compared with results obtained from a computational method, here referred to as the RANS-BEM method, that relied on a boundary element method to obtain ship motions. This RANS-RANS method was validated against model test measurements.     

公交信息条件下的公交出行意愿研究

深入解析公交信息对居民公交出行意愿的影响机理,是合理规划城市公交出行信息环境的理论基础,对于城市交通管理以及交通拥堵的缓解有着重要的意义。基于计划行为理论在行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制3个基本变量的基础上加入公交信息、出行经验、个人属性等变量,对计划行为理论加以改进,利用改进的计划行为理论建立公交信息条件下的公交出行意愿模型。以南京市居民为调查研究对象,运用结构方程模型对调查数据进行验证分析,确定了各变量的相互作用关系以及它们对公交出行意愿的影响效应。结果表明公交信息对公交出行态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制等变量有直接显著影响,且为正向关系,影响系数分别为0.533、0.451和0.576;公交信息会对公交出行意愿产生间接影响,影响总效应为0.92,说明高质量的公交信息可以提升公交吸引力,增强居民的公交出行意愿。      

侧向风荷载对人-车-路系统耦合振动的影响分析

采用谱解法模拟脉动风荷载场,根据风洞试验测得的车辆的空气动力参数,计算出作用在车辆侧面的风荷载;将风荷载加到人-车-路耦合振动系统方程中,建立起考虑其影响的系统耦合振动方程;采用人体加权竖向振动加速度均方根值对车辆乘坐舒适度进行评价,并对模拟风速场及侧向风速大小对车辆乘坐舒适度的影响进行讨论.分析表明：静态风减小了人体、车辆振动加速度的最大值,但对其加速度均方根值没有影响;脉动风作用下人体振动加速度最大值略有变化,但均方根值却增大较多;侧向风荷载场对路面结构的振动几乎没有影响;平整路面下乘坐者出现不舒适感的临界风速为55m/s,A级不平整路面出现不舒适感的临界值为15m/s.     

新拌流态水泥粉煤灰浆稠度特性分析

通过水泥砂浆沉入度试验,对水泥粉煤灰浆稠度特性进行研究,分析用水量、外加剂等参数对水泥粉煤灰浆稠度的影响规律以及混合料凝结时间随水泥剂量的变化规律。建立宾汉姆模型,研究水泥粉煤灰浆体的流变特性,并提出了新拌流态水泥粉煤灰浆体的对数形式流变方程。     

毛细相变流体回路中蒸发器的预热启动特性研究

通过分析毛细管内液柱的动量方程,从力平衡的角度获得毛细相变流体回路系统的启动判别条件,并建立蒸发器的三维导热模型来研究系统的启动特性.研究表明:蒸发器的启动预热时间随启动热流的增大而减小;减小液体补偿腔的高度可以加快蒸发器的启动过程,且启动热流愈小该现象愈显著;在较低的启动热流条件下,减小蒸气槽道的宽度,可以减小启动预热时间,改善蒸发器启动性能,而在较高的热流密度下,其对蒸发器的启动性能影响不大.     

新疆岩沥青改性沥青混合料疲劳性能的试验研究

为了揭示岩沥青改性沥青混合料的疲劳耐久性,利用MTS-810材料试验系统,分别对普通重交沥青混合料、SBS改性沥青混合料和岩沥青改性沥青混合料等3种混合料进行了不同应力比下的疲劳试验,建立了3种沥青混合料的S-N疲劳方程,并对3种沥青混合料的疲劳试验结果进行了比较.在相同的应力比试验条件下,岩沥青改性沥青混合料的疲劳寿命最大,普通重交沥青混合料的疲劳寿命最小.岩沥青改性沥青混合料S-N疲劳方程参数k最大,n最小.研究结果表明:两个疲劳方程参数k和n均证实了岩沥青改性沥青混合料具有较好的抵抗疲劳荷载的能力.在荷载水平增加相同幅度的情况下,岩沥青改性沥青混合料的疲劳寿命衰减量最小.在相同的级配、油石比和荷载条件下,其疲劳耐久性最好.     

Boussinesq方程新的精确解

以齐次平衡原则和试探函数法为基础,给出函数变换与双线性算子相结合的方法,构造了Boussinesq方程新的精确解.     

热传导方程有限容积法的MATLAB实现

基于有限容积法的核心思想,推出第二类边界条件下的热传导方程统一离散格式,利用MATLAB编程实现均匀厚度的无限大板瞬态传热分析,将方程的解用图形直观表示出来,解的数值和图形表明了方法的可行性和稳定性.