自适应网格下的近岸波浪缓坡方程数值模型

在近岸变水深缓坡海域,充分考虑到波浪传播过程中的折射、绕射、反射以及波浪破碎等效应,采用引入破碎项的椭圆型缓坡方程,基于自适应四叉树网格建立了近岸波浪缓坡方程的数值模型,数值模型采用有限体积法求解。该网格可根据计算节点处波长与网格尺寸间的关系自动判定是否进行网格加密划分,使之适应椭圆型缓坡方程每个波长范围内至少布置8个计算节点的特征,提高计算精度的同时又能提高计算效率。采用已有的物理模型试验和实测资料对数值模型进行了验证。结果表明,该模型可以有效地模拟近岸变水深缓坡海域波浪传播。     

An integrated framework to jointly model decisions of activity time allocation and work-related travel

Five activity-travel choice dimensions, including three activity time allocation decisions and two work-related travel choices, are jointly modeled using the structural equation model in order to accommodate the complex interactions among them. Via a two-step estimation approach, the behavioral pattern underlying activity-travel decisions is explicitly revealed. For example, it demonstrates the priority with respect to subsistence activity, maintenance activity, and recreation activity due to a limited time budget; and bus commuting behavior positively influences the time allocated to the maintenance activity. In addition, two attitudinal factors are constructed and confirmed to have important effects on the five behavioral dimensions, which contribute to reveal the decision-making process from the perspective of psychology. This comprehensive framework is expected to provide important implications for mobility management and urban planning.     

Truck trip generation in small- and medium-sized urban areas

This paper describes procedures to develop truck trip generation (TTG) rates for small- and medium-sized urban areas and its implications. Ordinary least squares models are used to develop separate truck production and attraction equations with the number of employees as the independent variable for three industrial groups – retail, transportation and warehousing, and manufacturing. Results from this research indicate that number of employees is a statistically significant predictor, and has significant explanatory power in predicting the number of truck trips produced and attracted. The rates developed in this study are also found to be significantly different from rates developed in other studies with the implication that caution needs to be taken when transferring TTG rates. The rates are applied in a travel demand model as the initial step of incorporating truck traffic into the modeling process.     

复合材料薄壁杆件非线性扭转分析

考虑几何非线性的影响,建立了在拉、压、弯、扭组合变形下复合材料薄壁杆件理论.重点对杆件进行非线性扭转分析.由给出的等效本构方程和总势能泛函,根据最小势能原理导出了所给问题的平衡控制方程和相应边界条件.讨论了该方程和边界条件的求解.     

膜盘联轴器减振机理分析

将膜盘联轴器简化为多杆模型,基于动态响应特性进行参数等效,建立并求解模型的波动方程。从支反力做功的角度分析膜盘联轴器的减振机理。利用有限元软件进行数值计算,验证数值仿真结果与理论解的一致性。     

色散方程两层稳定的偏心隐格式

利用组合差商法对色散方程ut=auxxx的初边值问题,构造了两组带参数两层四点偏心隐式差分格式PL2,PR2,其截断误差为ο(τ h2),稳定性随参数变化而变化。特殊的,若令某个节点前的系数为0,则得到二阶的半显格式。最后的数例既验证了理论分析的正确性,也说明了特取参数可以增强格式应用的灵活性。     

The Hamilton–Jacobi partial differential equation and the three representations of traffic flow

This paper applies the theory of Hamilton–Jacobi partial differential equations to the case of first-order traffic flow models. The traffic flow surface is analyzed with respect to the three 2-dimensional coordinate systems arising in the space of vehicle number, time and distance. In each case, the solution to the initial and boundary value problems are presented. Explicit solution methods and examples are shown for the triangular flow-density diagram case. This unveils new models and shows how a number of existing models are cast as special cases.     

船舶抛锚作业锚机刹车最小临界水深计算

船舶抛锚过程中锚机刹车最小临界水深的准确计算一直是海船船长关注的问题.抛锚过程中,锚链不断地从锚链舱滑出,滑出的这部分锚链的质量在不断变化,是一个变质量系统,用牛顿经典力学定律很难准确计算出重力抛锚方式下,锚机刹车能保持有效控制的最小临界水深.运用密氏方程结合运动学原理进行计算的方法,可以获得比较可靠的计算结果.     

仿生减摇鳍升力模型的数值模拟及分析

船舶在系泊或低航速状态下,发动机主机停止工作,船舶失去自控方向能力,船体随波浪左右摇晃,比航行时摇摆更为剧烈。因此,研究零航速减摇鳍非常重要。文章研究零航速时仿生减摇鳍产生升力的模型,其基础为Weis-Fogh机构理论。首先讨论如何旋转才能产生给定的升力。依据吕卡提方程理论,给出模型周期解的存在性和稳定性条件 采用单步Runge-Kutta方法求出模型的数值解,给出保证数值解稳定的条件。     

考虑空气力的车辆三自由度转向模型与状态方程

为了减小空气力的影响,简化车辆多自由度转向动力学方程,考虑了空气力的影响,建立了车辆三自度转向运动的动力学模型.以质心侧偏角、横摆角、横摆角速度、侧倾角、侧倾角速度为状态变量,以前轴转角及侧风作用力为输入,以质心侧偏角、横摆角、横摆角速度、侧倾角为输出,推导了车辆三自度转向运动的动力学模型的状态方程.以前轴主动转角脉冲为输入,对状态方程的可信度进行了验证.与利用线性二自由度转向模型的仿真结果相比,利用三自由度转向模型与其状态方程得到车辆质心侧偏角与横摆角速度的绝对值均较小,在高速情况下,空气力会增强车辆的不足转向特性.采用两种模型得到的车身侧向偏移均大于试验值,但三自由度模型的仿真曲线非常接近试验曲线.可见,三自由度状态方程可信度高.