X80管线钢管的屈强比对其失效评估曲线的影响

X80及以上级别管线钢管的高屈强比是工程应用中的一个突出问题,失效评估曲线是其安全评定的重要依据。文中通过单轴拉伸和断裂韧性试验建立了高屈强比X80管线钢管的特征失效评估图及拟合方程。结果表明：随着钢管屈强比升高,失效评估曲线的截至线（最大载荷比）降低;高、低屈强比钢管的评估曲线在载荷比大于某一临界值时发生分离,且高屈强比钢管的评估曲线处于低屈强比钢管的评估曲线之下;高屈强比钢管的选择3评估曲线比选择1和选择2曲线更偏于安全。     

Daily activity and travel sequences of students,faculty and staff at a large Canadian university

This paper examines the activity engagement, sequencing and timing of activities for student, faculty and staff commuter groups at the largest university in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The daily activity patterns of all university community groups are modeled using the classification and regression tree classifier algorithm. The data used for this study are derived from the Environmentally Aware Travel Diary Survey (EnACT) conducted in spring 2016 at Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia. Results show that there are significant differences in activity and travel behavior between university population segments and the general population in the region, and between campus groups. For example, students participate in more recreation activities compared to faculty and staff. They also take more trips to and from campus, and are more flexible in their scheduling of trips. The insights gained from this study will provide helpful information for promoting sustainability across university campuses, and for development of campus-based travel demand management strategies.     

利用SPS模拟川气东送管道压气站失效问题

为研究压气站失效与单台机组失效对输气管道的影响程度,采用SPS软件对压气站失效和单台机组失效进行了详细模拟。模拟结果显示:压气站失效与单台机组失效相比对管输系统影响较大;对于压气站失效,越靠近末站的压气站失效对管输系统影响越大;对于单台机组失效,越靠近首站的压缩机失效对管输系统影响越大。分析结果可为事故状态下的供气和抢修提供参考。     

土工格栅加筋土挡墙施工工况有限元分析

介绍了土工格栅加筋土挡墙的结构特征,及土工格栅加筋土的有限元分析原理,并用Mohr-Coulomb模型作为加筋土中的土体的计算模型,用线弹性模型模拟土工格栅,用Goodman单元模拟土体和土工格栅之间的接触关系,对一典型工程实例的施工状态进行了有限元分析,得到了土工格栅加筋土挡墙不同施工阶段的受力和变形特征。计算结果表明,加筋土挡墙的破裂面是一条圆弧面,挡墙在填土过程中安全系数逐渐减小,基底应力分布和筋材拉力与实测值吻合较好,证明了该有限元分析方法的可靠性。     

基于SQP优化和上限法的倾斜荷载下条形浅基础极限承载力计算

对均质地基岩土体上条形基础承受倾斜荷载的情况,根据线性破坏准则和相关联流动法则,利用极限分析中的机动法,构建了一个承受倾斜荷载作用的条形浅基础的二维机动许可破坏模式.根据外力功率与内部耗能相等原理获得极限承载力的目标表达式,并把其转化成了一个求含有非线性约束的极限承载力上限解最小值问题计算模型.应用MATLAB软件平台,对建立的计算模型采用序列二次规划法(SQP法)进行了承载力上限解优化求解.研究结果表明:极限上限分析结合优化理论SQP法适用于该问题的求解;荷载的倾斜程度对条形基础地基承载力影响较大;相同计算参数条件下,构造刚性块较少的简单的相容速度场也能够求得较为精确的数值,因而计算的速度和效率也将得到大幅提高;影响参数分析表明,计算参数取值对极限承载力量值具有非线性影响且权重存在差别,将结果与已有文献资料进行了分析比较,所得结果较前人研究成果有一定改进.     

防止电力机车进入无电单元(区)的安全预警方法

针对目前计划内接触网停电时电力机车进入无电单元(区)的问题,提出了基于动态停电作业区域数据对比库语音、屏幕鼠标点击坐标和高清成像分析进行"三元素二阶段"处理对比方法,以减少人员操作失误和损失.机车/车次信息及对应机车属性先由操作人员办理接发列预告(办理闭塞)的语音识别获取,再通过TDCS/CTC终端机非上位机获取并核对...     

基于寿命分布的备件需求计算模型分析

根据指数分布、正态分布和威布尔分布的寿命分布类型,对航海装备的一些维修备件进行分类,并提出了在满足备件保障度下这三种寿命分布类型备件的需求计算模型,对一些备件需求预测实例进行了预测计算。     

交通运输方式协调发展的状态评价

为促进道路运输、铁路运输、水路运输与航空运输的协调发展,根据各运输方式的系统构成,分别从数量和质量方面提出了反映各运输方式发展水平的指标体系,利用主成分分析方法,对中国1995~2005年各运输方式的综合发展水平进行了计算,并建立了综合发展水平的隶属度模型,对它们之间的协调状态进行了评价。评价结果表明:运输方式之间的平均静态协调度为0.297 8,说明目前中国各运输方式虽然得到快速发展,但彼此之间的发展并不协调。为改变这种不协调发展状态,提出运输方式之间相互促进与相互配合的发展理念,完善运输政策体系,充分开发和利用各种运输方式,建立真正意义上的综合运输枢纽。     

The effect of attitudes toward cars and public transportation on behavioral intention in commuting mode choice—A comparison across six Asian countries

This study investigated the contribution of psychological factors in explaining the choice of transportation mode in six Asian countries. Data were collected from 1118 respondents in Japan, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The dependent variable was the intention to use one of three modes for work travel after getting a job: car, public transit, or other modes. The explanatory variables were three attitude factors taken from a previous study, including: 1/symbolic affective, reflecting affective motives of travel mode use; 2/instrumental, referring to functional attributes of travel modes; and 3/social orderliness which represents for environmental friendliness, safety, altruism, quietness et cetera. Several logit model estimates were made using the samples from the six countries separately and together. We obtained three main findings. First, attitude variables about the car were all significant determinants for the entire sample from Asian countries. Second, the social orderliness aspect of public transit was a common concern of respondents from developing countries in selecting this mode for work trips. Third, in countries in which the intent to use a car was not very high, attitude factors about the car were found to be significant determinants of the behavioral intention to commute by car but were less significant in countries in which the desire to use a car was high.     

Estimating economic and resilience consequences of potential navigation infrastructure failures: A case study of the Monongahela River

The paper examines the potential effects of failure of heavily used, outdated locks and dams on the Monongahela River in southwestern Pennsylvania. Catastrophic failure would result in lengthy outage of barge traffic. The displaced volume of coal shipments from mines to power plants is estimated using Energy Information Administration survey data. The resilience of the impacted facilities, the viability of their shipping alternatives, and their ability to re-organize into new markets is assessed. Lost revenues are estimated for facilities that close due to an inability to adapt, as well as the replacement cost of towboats and barges trapped by a catastrophic and sudden failure. The aggregate costs to these facilities as a result of a year-long closure are estimated at $0.56-1.7 billion.