制动电阻器多学科设计优化

为了确保机车、动车制动电阻器整体性能提高,以某型号特种内燃动车制动电阻器传热性能、经济性能、质量以及抗热冲击性能为目标函数建立多学科设计优化模型,并充分考虑各学科之间的耦合效应,采用自适应混沌优化算法对多学科设计优化模型进行求解。多学科设计优化结果表明,该制动电阻器传热性能增加11.51%,设计成本下降7.05%,质量减少7.21%,抗热冲击性能增加15.50%,整体性能提高9.97%。优化前后特种内燃动车制动电阻器的安全温度对比实验表明,制动电阻片的安全温度由优化前的500℃提高到优化后的550℃。     

一种适合于异型螺杆粗加工的方法

根据异型螺杆的加工原理，本文提出了一种适合于螺杆粗加工的插补算法。并以此算法为基础，提出了复合控制的策略，采用这种控制方法，可有效地提高螺杆粗加工的加工精度和生产效率。     

Ship appearance optimal design on RCS reduction using response surface method and genetic algorithms

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction technologies are very important in survivability of the militarynaval vessels. Ship appearance shaping as an effective countermeasure of RCS reduction redirects the scatteredenergy from one angular region of interest in space to another region of little interest. To decrease the scatteringelectromagnetic signals from ship scientifically, optimization methods should be introduced in shaping design.Based on the assumption of the characteristic section design method, mathematical formulations for optimalshaping design were established. Because of the computation-intensive analysis and singularity in shapingoptimization, the response surface method (RSM) combined genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The poly-nomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employedto solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design,the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.Ky words: radar cross section (RCS); characteristic section design method; response surface method; genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The polynomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employed to solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design, the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel-rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

基于X-LMS自适应逆控制理论的船舶自动舵研究

本文分析了自适应逆控制理论和X—滤波LMS自适应逆控制算法，并针对船舶自动舵特点，用修正传递函数的方式来稳定船舶操纵模型，使用LMS算法对船舶进行模型参数辩识和控制器的设计。仿真结果表明，与PID控制相比，X—滤波LMS自适应逆控制算法具有动态响应快，抗扰动性好等特点。     

密接式车钩试验装置

介绍了密接式车钩试验装置的组成和试验内容,对试验中遇到的问题提出了解决办法。     

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交叉口是城市交通路网中的基本单元,在考虑应急疏散路线中的延误问题时,交叉口的信号灯造成的延误是不可忽略的因素. 由于信号控制交叉口包含具有指定持续时间的一系列时间窗,导致不同的疏散开始时刻对应着不同的交叉口延误,从而有不同的疏散优化路线. 考虑交叉口信号灯延误和通行能力,通过寻找网络的最小费用流来优化事故地点至目的地的最佳疏散路线及相应的疏散流量,设计了一种复合标号算法求解网络的最小费用流. 最后以数值算例说明了算法的有效性,并对不同疏散开始时刻得出的疏散路线进行了对比. 结果表明该方法能很好地兼顾疏散时刻和疏散路线优化的要求.     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

转向盘多功能按键常见失效模式分析及验证方法

介绍目前国内外常见汽车转向盘多功能按键的外观结构及特点,分析产品常见的几种失效模式,总结汽车转向盘多功能按键在验证时应该关注的几个问题。     

协同决策机制下航空公司时隙分配优化决策

航空运输系统涉及空管、航空公司与机场三方面,但是目前解决不正常航班却单纯依靠空管。而这种方式无法达到减少旅客延误时间的目标。文中研究在协同决策机制下,航空公司根据航班旅客特性自由指派航班时隙的方法问题。建立了一种航班时隙指派模型,针对模型的特点设计了一种启发式算法。通过实例证明了采用该方法可以减少旅客总延误时间,同时还说明了航空公司参与时隙分配决策的重要性。