考虑残余应力效应的深潜器耐压壳体疲劳研究

本文考虑焊接残余应力的影响,给出包含裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展全过程的载人深潜器耐压球壳疲劳寿命预报方法,分别基于局部应力-应变法和能计及负应力比效应的裂纹扩展单一曲线模型预报了耐压球壳的工艺疲劳寿命和使用疲劳寿命,研究焊接残余应力大小对球壳疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,忽略拉伸残余应力的影响将导致疲劳寿命预测结果偏于危险;耐压球壳整体受压时,拉伸残余应力使得球壳局部区域承受拉-压循环载荷,计算使用疲劳寿命过程中须考虑其影响;降低拉伸残余应力可有效提高耐压球壳的疲劳寿命。     

营运船舶航行性能和海洋环境监测平台开发验证

EEDI是衡量船舶能效水平的重要指标.由于试验条件限制,目前主要还是依靠模型试验结果对交船测试进行修正换算得到.上海船舶运输科学研究所自主研发了航行性能和海洋环境监测平台,可对营运船舶开展长期跟踪监测,实时收集船舶营运阶段的航行环境和性能参数,通过自动识别航行状态,划分海区、海况和船舶载况等因素对于船舶功率与航速的影响,可获得营运船舶实际EEDI指标,提高EEDI实船验证结果的准确性.监测平台在某万箱级集装箱船进行相关验证,并已展开长期监测.     

铁矿尾矿砂在公路基层中的应用研究

对铁尾矿砂及尾矿砂加入石灰水泥后的物理力学性能进行了试验研究,并与石灰土进行对比。结果表明：铁尾矿砂掺加石灰、水泥后,其强度随着龄期而增长,具有半刚性材料的特性,用石灰、水泥稳定尾矿砂作为路面基层材料具有很好的路用性能,同时用石灰和水泥稳定的效果更佳。     

高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化初步研究

建立高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化的数学模型,将遗传算法改进成一种适应多目标和多约束的算法,并将其应用于高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化计算问题,利用界面友好的VC 软件编程。优化结果表明,改进的遗传算法计算可靠、效率高,并为设计综合性能优良的高速单体船船型准备了良好的基础条件。     

面元法预估导管螺旋桨水动力性能的一种新方法

采用一种新的方法预估导管螺旋桨的水动力性能;导管和螺旋桨均采用基于速度势的面元法,它们间的影响通过相互的诱导速度势数值迭代来体现．与诱导速度体现相互影响的方法相比,本文方法可节省编程及计算时间;对JD系列导管螺旋桨的计算与实验结果的比较表明,该方法可以有效地预估导管螺旋桨的水动力性能．     

层次分析法在潜艇总体性能评估中的应用与改进

结合潜艇概念设计阶段的特点,提出一种潜艇总体性能的评估模型和评价方法,利用三标度法间接给出判断矩阵,在一定程度上减少了决策者主观因素的影响。针对经验方法在一致性检验时的缺陷,采用统计检验的方法,直接以判断矩阵一致性指标的临界值作为检验标准,简洁可行,且具有一定的理论依据。     

Database of sail shapes versus sail performance and validation of numerical calculations for the upwind condition

A database of full-scale three-dimensional sail shapes is presented with the aerodynamic coefficients for the upwind condition of International Measurement System (IMS) type sails. Three-dimensional shape data are used for the input of numerical calculations and the results are compared with the measured sail performance. The sail shapes and performance were measured using sail dynamometer boat Fujin. This is a boat of 10.3-m length overall in which load cells and CCD cameras were installed to simultaneously measure the sail forces and shapes. At the same time, the sailing conditions of the boat, e.g., boat speed, heel angle, wind speed, and wind angle, were measured. The sail configurations tested were: mainsail with 130% jib, mainsail with 75% jib, and mainsail alone. Sail shapes were measured at several vertical positions for the shape parameters defined by: chord length, maximum draft, maximum draft position, entry angle at the luff, and exit angle at the leech, all of which finally yield three-dimensional coordinates of the sail geometry. The tabulated shape data, along with aerodynamic coefficients, are presented in this article. In addition, numerical flow simulations were performed for the measured sail shapes and the sailing conditions to investigate the capability and limitations of the methods through detailed comparison with the measurements. Two numerical methods were used: a vortex lattice method (VLM) and a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based computational fluid dynamics method. The sail shape database, in association with the numerical results, provides a good benchmark for the sail performance analysis of the upwind condition of IMS type sails.     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

T型焊接接头疲劳性能研究

T型焊接接头在船舶与海洋工程结构中广泛应用,研究T型焊接接头的疲劳性能对于提高船舶与海洋工程结构的强度具有重要意义.针对工程中常用的四种焊趾形式的T型焊接接头,利用有限元计算和模型试验两种方法对其疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,平面型焊趾是较优的T型接头焊趾形式.     

船舶柴油机性能监测分析仪的研制

船舶柴油机性能监测分析仪是一种基于现代测试与计算机技术,能适用于实船环境的柴油机示功图测试设备,该仪器主要由压力传感器、曲轴转角传感器、数据采集器和计算机软件组成,具有上止点标定、示功图主要指示性能指标计算与分析、测量数据的数据库管理等和报表输出等功能,为船舶柴油机性能监测与故障诊断提供了有效的技术手段.