基于AOK-TFR的轨道电路故障诊断方法

为弥补现有补偿电容检测方法在检测及时性和检测成本等方面的不足,基于传输线理论,提出了机车信号感应电压幅值包络(IVECS)仿真模型;在此基础上,分析了补偿电容故障对IVECS的影响规律,建立并验证了基于频率的IVECS等效回归模型;利用补偿电容故障位置前后IVECS的频率变化,提出了基于自适应最优核时-频分布的补偿电容故障诊断方法.该方法基于机车信号的实际数据,采用B样条离散二进小波对数据进行滤波降噪处理,并利用自适应最优核时-频分布提取处理结果的时-频信息,再通过检测时-频信息中频率的变化实现对故障电容的定位.经过对随机抽取的100段实际数据的测试,准确率约为92.58%,表明该方法能准确检测轨道电路发生故障的补偿电容位置.     

Alfa-laval-S型船用分油机常见故障的分析

分油机是船舶上的重要设备,Alfa-laval又是船舶上使用最广的分油机。本文介绍了S型分油机的结构和特点,通过实践,总结出该类型分油机在使用过程中的常见故障,并对故障的原因进行了细致的分析,最后提出了一些有针对性的实践管理经验,使轮机人员掌握在管理中的注意事项。在现实中具有很好的参考价值和指导意义。     

某轮ALFA-LAVAL SA821分油机工作原理及故障分析

介绍了某轮ALFA-LAVAL SA821分油机的结构和工作原理,针对重油分油机运行过程中出现的＂排渣反馈错误＂这一故障现象,依据原理分析了故障可能原因,并逐一排除,使故障得以解决,并提出了日常管理中应注意的问题。     

SWD6LTM410C船用柴油机拉缸故障的分析与排除

文章结合SWD6LTM410C船用柴油机,阐述了拉缸的现象、产生的机理及可能的原因,提出了故障排除的方法,并针对类似故障在柴油机日常维护管理中应注意的问题进行总结。     

基于时间累计法的机车维修性预计分析

基于时间累积法,阐述机车维修性预计工作流程以及系统与LRU平均修复时间的计算方法。并以空调与通风系统为例,说明了系统及LRU平均修复时间的计算过程,并由此得出整车的平均修复时间。文章最后阐述了维修性预计对机车设计的指导作用以及使用时间累积法的局限性。     

Adhesion estimation at the wheel–rail interface using advanced model-based filtering

The railway industry in the UK is currently expanding the use of condition monitoring of railway vehicles. These systems can be used to improve maintenance procedures or could potentially be used to monitor current vehicle running conditions without the use of cost prohibitive sensors. This paper looks at a novel method for the online detection of areas of low adhesion in the wheel/rail contact that cause significant disruption to the running of a network, particularly in the autumn season. The proposed method uses a Kalman–Bucy filter to estimate the creep forces in the wheel–rail contact area; post-processing is then applied to provide information indicative of the actual adhesion level. The algorithm uses data that, in practice, would be available from a set of modest cost inertial sensors mounted on the vehicle bogie and wheel-sets. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated using simulation data from a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle and its track interface.     

Fault classification method for the driving safety of electrified vehicles

A fault classification method is proposed which has been applied to an electric vehicle. Potential faults in the different subsystems that can affect the vehicle directional stability were collected in a failure mode and effect analysis. Similar driveline faults were grouped together if they resembled each other with respect to their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. The faults were physically modelled in a simulation environment before they were induced in a detailed vehicle model under normal driving conditions. A special focus was placed on faults in the driveline of electric vehicles employing in-wheel motors of the permanent magnet type. Several failures caused by mechanical and other faults were analysed as well. The fault classification method consists of a controllability ranking developed according to the functional safety standard ISO 26262. The controllability of a fault was determined with three parameters covering the influence of the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of the vehicle. The simulation results were analysed and the faults were classified according to their controllability using the proposed method. It was shown that the controllability decreased specifically with increasing lateral acceleration and increasing speed. The results for the electric driveline faults show that this trend cannot be generalised for all the faults, as the controllability deteriorated for some faults during manoeuvres with low lateral acceleration and low speed. The proposed method is generic and can be applied to various other types of road vehicles and faults.     

铁道车辆轴箱弹簧断裂故障对动力学性能的影响

车辆运行过程中,当轴箱弹簧突发断裂故障,会造成动力学状态和性能突变,一系悬挂刚度突然减小,暂时失去承载能力,会威胁车辆行车安全。结合整车的动力学仿真,建立了轴箱弹簧断裂过程的力学模型,对整个断裂过程进行仿真,模拟了轴箱弹簧突然断裂工况下车辆动力学性能变化,分析了轴箱弹簧断裂条件下车辆直线行车安全性以及曲线通过安全性。计算分析结果表明:轴箱弹簧突然断裂导致一系悬挂刚度剧变,引起轮轨垂向力先减小后增大,轮重减载率、脱轨系数等参数增大直至超限,但对轮轨横向力影响不大。     

丰田卡罗拉轿车转向困难故障分析

本文主要介绍一部2012款卡罗拉电动转向系统(EPS)的构造,工作原理,分析该车出现转向困难,组合仪表上P/S警告灯亮起故障的原因,并提出解决故障的方法。     

故障树分析与危险源日志的结合

主要介绍故障树分析方法,并结合工作经验讲述如何将故障树分析结果与危险源日志进行对应链接,从而清晰、形象的为危险源的来源提供有力证据,规范项目技术风险管理。