地铁机电设备故障监测与智能诊断系统

阐述北京地铁线网建设加速后地铁机电设备安全运营和设备维护维修面临的相关问题。为提升机电设备养护水平,提高运营维修维护效率,规避设备运行安全风险,提出利用智能诊断技术和智能信息化技术建立地铁机电设备故障监测与智能诊断系统的思路,并针对目前需求和运营管理模式,对系统的逻辑架构和系统构成方案进行论述。     

长江下游口岸直水道鳗鱼沙心滩头部护滩带工程结构细部处理

鳗鱼沙心滩头部守护工程采用护滩结构,在受径流和潮汐双重影响条件下的应用尚属首次。为保证鳗鱼沙心滩守护工程的质量和整治效果,并保持整治工程结构的稳定性,在分析长江下游口岸直水道鳗鱼沙心滩段水流特性的基础上,根据局部水槽模型成果,对鳗鱼沙心滩头部守护工程护滩带结构进行了细部处理,在保证工程结构稳定的基础上,减少了水毁损失,降低了工程维护成本,节约了工程量,也为相关工程的设计与建设提供参考。     

预应力锚索特性及其在胡家营车站中的应用

预应力锚索能够充分利用岩土体自身强度和自承能力,大大减轻结构自重,节省工程材料,是高效和经济的加固技术。介绍了预应力锚索的技术特性、优点和施工方法,并应用于襄渝铁路胡家营车站高路堑边坡的加固,达到了预期目的。     

Fault-tolerant control of heavy-haul trains

The fault-tolerant control (FTC) of heavy-haul trains is discussed on the basis of the speed regulation proposed in previous works. The fault modes of trains are assumed and the corresponding fault detection and isolation (FDI) are studied. The FDI of sensor faults is based on a geometric approach for residual generators. The FDI of a braking system is based on the observation of the steady-state speed. From the difference of the steady-state speeds between the fault system and the faultless system, one can get fault information. Simulation tests were conducted on the suitability of the FDIs and the redesigned speed regulators. It is shown that the proposed FTC does not explicitly worsen the performance of the speed regulator in the case of a faultless system, while it obviously improves the performance of the speed regulator in the case of a faulty system.     

Adhesion estimation at the wheel–rail interface using advanced model-based filtering

The railway industry in the UK is currently expanding the use of condition monitoring of railway vehicles. These systems can be used to improve maintenance procedures or could potentially be used to monitor current vehicle running conditions without the use of cost prohibitive sensors. This paper looks at a novel method for the online detection of areas of low adhesion in the wheel/rail contact that cause significant disruption to the running of a network, particularly in the autumn season. The proposed method uses a Kalman–Bucy filter to estimate the creep forces in the wheel–rail contact area; post-processing is then applied to provide information indicative of the actual adhesion level. The algorithm uses data that, in practice, would be available from a set of modest cost inertial sensors mounted on the vehicle bogie and wheel-sets. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated using simulation data from a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle and its track interface.     

Fault classification method for the driving safety of electrified vehicles

A fault classification method is proposed which has been applied to an electric vehicle. Potential faults in the different subsystems that can affect the vehicle directional stability were collected in a failure mode and effect analysis. Similar driveline faults were grouped together if they resembled each other with respect to their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. The faults were physically modelled in a simulation environment before they were induced in a detailed vehicle model under normal driving conditions. A special focus was placed on faults in the driveline of electric vehicles employing in-wheel motors of the permanent magnet type. Several failures caused by mechanical and other faults were analysed as well. The fault classification method consists of a controllability ranking developed according to the functional safety standard ISO 26262. The controllability of a fault was determined with three parameters covering the influence of the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of the vehicle. The simulation results were analysed and the faults were classified according to their controllability using the proposed method. It was shown that the controllability decreased specifically with increasing lateral acceleration and increasing speed. The results for the electric driveline faults show that this trend cannot be generalised for all the faults, as the controllability deteriorated for some faults during manoeuvres with low lateral acceleration and low speed. The proposed method is generic and can be applied to various other types of road vehicles and faults.     

化学聚合物泥浆与膨胀土矿物泥浆在旋挖钻孔桩施工中的应用对比

以石家庄地铁工程为依托,研究聚合物泥浆在钻孔灌注桩施工中的应用,包括泥浆的制备、钻机成孔、吊放钢筋笼、清孔和灌注混凝土等。从钻孔质量、沉渣厚度、护壁强度及环境保护等方面与传统膨润土泥浆进行对比分析,得出采用聚合物泥浆方法护壁钻孔,可获得满意的施工质量和使用效果结论。     

中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策

总结我国近30年来TBM设计与施工技术的发展历程,可归纳为以下5个阶段:1)研发探索和试用阶段;2)以国外施工承包商为主体,采用国外设计制造TBM施工我国隧道工程阶段;3)独立进行TBM招标采购和选型设计,并建立起自主的TBM施工队伍阶段;4)与国外厂家联合设计制造TBM,工程应用和自主施工快速发展阶段;5)实现TBM国产化,面向国内外TBM工程市场自主施工阶段。通过我国不同时期TBM施工的典型工程,介绍我国在复杂地质、大坡度、高海拔、不同直径、不同机型、超长隧洞TBM施工方面取得的经验、技术积累和业绩,展示我国TBM在穿越断层破碎带、软弱变形、岩爆、涌水等不良地质洞段取得的一系列施工新技术,以及最高月进尺1 868 m、平均月进尺超过600 m和掘进作业利用率超过40%的掘进技术水平。分析TBM在极硬岩、大断层破碎带、软弱大变形围岩、强岩爆围岩、涌水突泥洞段、高地热隧洞和超长隧洞工程中施工面临的风险和挑战,并提出一些相应的技术措施和对策,期望这些措施和对策在未来大量实际工程中进一步得到实践验证、优化和改进,不断积累和创新TBM设计与施工新技术。     

废弃泥浆在盾构壁后注浆中的应用

在泥水盾构施工过程中不可避免地会产生大量的废弃泥浆,处理泥浆一是需要较高的资金投入,二是可能会对环境造成严重污染。利用废弃泥浆配制壁后注浆砂浆,利用盾构弃浆代替砂浆中的膨润土和水,研究弃浆对壁后注浆砂浆工程性能的影响。结果表明:1)相对体积质量为1.16、黏度为22 s的泥浆配制壁后注浆材料可得到较好的流动性和稠度,并且泌水率优于原配比;2)相对体积质量为1.27、黏度为24 s的泥浆会明显降低砂浆的流动度,对砂浆可泵送能力有一定的影响;3)适当调整水胶比和泥浆相对体积质量,配制壁后注浆材料各方面性能均能达到壁后注浆材料的要求;4)废弃泥浆配制砂浆是一种既经济又环保的弃浆处理回收再利用的工艺工法。     

一种基于广义S变换增强的柴油机失火故障特征提取方法

为有效提取柴油机缸盖振动信号失火故障特征,提出一种基于广义S变换增强的柴油机失火故障特征提取方法。首先根据柴油机燃烧过程与配气相位的关系对信号进行等角度重采样,然后利用广义S变换对信号进行消噪处理,并按工作循环将信号的周期性瞬态特征进行同步增强。通过仿真信号验证和某柴油机缸盖振动信号的实例应用,结果表明,此方法能有效地提取柴油机缸盖振动信号的失火故障特征,实现失火故障的准确诊断。