曲线桥独柱墩点铰支座预偏心优化分析

在墩顶点铰支撑的曲线连续梁桥设计中,选择合理的支座预偏心距来改善结构的受力性能至关重要。该文以边跨梁正负扭矩绝对值相等且扭矩最小为目标函数,采用ANSYS通用软件提供的优化设计模块和参数化设计语言（ADPL）,对曲线梁桥支座预偏心的布置进行了优化设计计算。     

Development of an LIF image processing technique for measuring drop sizes in a pre-swirl spray

Depth of field effects in laser sheet imaging were considered for droplet sizing of a pre-swirl spray. A pre-swirl spray is formed before the hollow-cone type main-swirl spray from a D.I. gasoline injector, and shows transient characteristics with high axial velocity. A microscopic imaging technique was applied to obtain high spatial resolution LIF tomograms of the pre-swirl spray. A 1 mm thick Nd:YAG laser sheet was used as a light source to make the LIF tomograms that were imaged using a high-resolution CCD camera. The droplet sizing of the pre-swirl spray was carried out using an image processing technique. In the image processing procedure, the laser sheet-straddling large-sized droplets were carefully taken into account to remove the errors caused by the depth of field effects from the limited thickness and the energy distribution of the laser sheet. The mean intensity of the individual droplets and the line profile of the LIF signal around the droplet edge were inspected to screen the laser sheet-straddling large-sized droplets. In order to consider the effects of the size-dependent LIF signal intensity, the size-classified or ensemble-averaged mean intensity of the individual droplets was introduced. The mean droplet sizes such as AMD and SMD were calculated using only screened droplets, and they slightly increase before considering the depth of field effects.     

Energy-aware load-balaning fault-tolerant routing scheme for ad hoc sensor networks

Most routing protocols for sensor networks try to extend network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption, but have not taken the network reliability into account. An energy-aware, load-balancing and fault-tolerant routing scheme, termed as ELFR was propsed to adapt to the harsh environment. First a network robustness model was presented. Based on this model, the route discovery phase was designed to make the sensors to construct into a hop-leveled network which is mesh structure. A cross-layer design was adopted to measure the transmission delay so as to detect the failed nodes. The routing scheme works with acknowledge （ACK） feedback mechanism to transfer control messages to avoid producing extra control overhead messages. When nodes fail, the new healthy paths will be selected locally without rerouting. Simulation results show that our scheme is much robust, and it achieves better energy efficiency, load balancing and maintains good end-to-end delay.     

磁通门罗盘的数字信号处理方法

为提高磁通门罗盘的指向精度和稳定性,提出了磁通门罗盘的数字信号处理方法。利用微处理器直接产生激励信号,通过模数转换采集磁通门传感器感应的磁场信号,对所采集的原始信息进行傅里叶变换获取偶次谐波,得到罗盘方位值。计算结果表明:二次谐波的波形幅度在各偶次谐波中最大,其提取精度至少提高5倍,而且采用多个偶次谐波并行使用解算方位的方法,降低了原始噪声,增大了原始信息的利用率,提高了磁通门传感器的灵敏度,因此,数字信号处理方法可行。     

ITS域跨平台应用技术

为适应综合交通运输网络多元化业务的发展,实现交通信息传输的兼容性、标准化与适应性,研究了异构信息系统的Web、CORBA、QT跨平台处理技术与H.264视频转码机理,分析了基于ITS条件的跨平台异构操作系统数据及图像传输的基本要求,提出了基于B/S的可伸缩SVG路况地图Web浏览界面,C/S的ViewBox视窗与H.264转码技术的交通信息监控技术。应用结果表明:新技术的应用满足ITS的地域广与实时性高的要求,提高了ITS图像跨平台传输的质量与系统的鲁棒性。     

车站基坑揭露断层带注浆加固效果数值模拟研究

为研究注浆对明挖基坑揭露断层带的加固效果,以南京地铁上元门车站基坑工程为背景,考虑基坑开挖过程中渗流场与围岩应力场的相互耦合作用,建立相应的有限元分析模型,对软弱破碎层、注浆加固带、基坑地下连续墙以及围岩所组成的耦合系统进行模拟,研究注浆加固前后围岩渗流场、位移场以及应力场的特征,最终获得基坑地下连续墙的水平位移、基坑外地表沉降、围岩塑性区分布、基坑内围岩变形以及基坑内涌水量变化规律。研究结果表明： 1）通过对基坑底部断层带的注浆加固,基坑侧向位移及基坑外地表沉降均得到有效控制,相比于注浆加固前,其最大水平位移和地表累计沉降量减小50%以上,满足工程要求; 2）基坑底部区域内塑性区范围明显减少,基坑外塑性区扩散也得到有效抑制; 3）基坑底部断层带注浆改变了渗流场分布,有效降低了基坑涌水量,基坑治理区域涌水量由最初的94 m3/h逐渐减小到4 m3/h,堵水率达96%; 4）注浆结束后现场钻孔取芯率达到75%~80%,开挖揭露大量劈裂作用形成的浆脉,验证了注浆可有效治理明挖基坑所揭露的软弱断层破碎带。     

一种模拟发震断层动力特性的隧道地震试验方法

为模拟隧道在发震断层中的近场动力响应和破坏机制,提出一种模拟长大隧道穿越活动断层动力响应的新型模型试验装置,并设计一种通过改变试验平台底部组合弹簧参数来改变模型箱振动特性的试验方法。该试验装置不仅能解决传统试验方法中受迫振动的问题,而且能模拟断层错动引起地层位移由发震断层位置向远端逐渐减小的过程,进而模拟穿越活动断层时长大隧道断层段到非断层段沿纵向的振动特性变化。该方法通过改变组合弹簧中单个弹簧单元的刚度系数和弹簧单元的个数等,可改变试验箱中断层在断层错动发生时的振动频率和错动位移,进而得到振动频率-组合弹簧刚度和错动位移-组合弹簧刚度的回归公式,可通过前期试验得到的回归公式来设置相应的组合弹簧形式,对后续试验中多种不同振动频率和错动位移的试验工况进行模拟。     

U341E型自动变速器电磁阀的检测与故障诊断

该文以U341E型自动变速器电磁阀为例,叙述了电磁阀的结构特点、检测标准等。作者结合工作实践中遇到的行车故障,进行反复的车辆路试,掌握第一手的故障现象、故障特征,巧妙的运用电磁阀的工作规律,进行列表式的推理分析,最终清晰准确的诊断由电磁阀引发的故障。     

A Fuzzy Fault Diagnosis Method for Large Radar Based on Directed Graph Model

To meet the requirement of the real-time, accuracy and multi-target diagnosis of the large radar system,a new fuzzy fault diagnosis method based on directed graph model is proposed in this paper. In this method, the large complex system model is defined using the directed graph model firstly, in which the nodes observing the fault by the hierarchical reconstruction of the directed graph are located, then the fault dependency matrix between these nodes and the fault sources are established. And then, we utilize the sensors’ alarm probabilities under different situations to build the characteristic fault observation matrix in the fault observation space. Finally,the optimized corresponding diagnosis method using a fuzzy function, which describes the similarity between the actual observation vector and the fault’s characteristic vector, is designed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve high diagnosis efficiency and accuracy. It can be widely used in the real radar system.     

Perspectives on railway track geometry condition monitoring from in-service railway vehicles

This paper presents a view of the current state of monitoring track geometry condition from in-service vehicles. It considers technology used to provide condition monitoring; some issues of processing and the determination of location; how things have evolved over the past decade; and what is being, or could/should be done in future research. Monitoring railway track geometry from an in-service vehicle is an attractive proposition that has become a reality in the past decade. However, this is only the beginning. Seeing the same track over and over again provides an opportunity for observing track geometry degradation that can potentially be used to inform maintenance decisions. Furthermore, it is possible to extend the use of track condition information to identify if maintenance is effective, and to monitor the degradation of individual faults such as dipped joints. There are full unattended track geometry measurement systems running on in-service vehicles in the UK and elsewhere around the world, feeding their geometry measurements into large databases. These data can be retrieved, but little is currently done with the data other than the generation of reports of track geometry that exceeds predefined thresholds. There are examples of simpler systems that measure some track geometry parameters more or less directly and accurately, but forego parameters such as gauge. Additionally, there are experimental systems that use mathematics and models to infer track geometry using data from sensors placed on an in-service vehicle. Finally, there are systems that do not claim to measure track geometry, but monitor some other quantity such as ride quality or bogie acceleration to infer poor track geometry without explicitly measuring it.