国外典型大城市市郊轨道交通的发展及其启示

介绍了纽约、柏林、巴黎、伦敦和东京5个城市的市郊轨道交通的线网特征(线网发展、线网特点、车辆运用及供电技术),以及线网运营以及线网客流等发展情况,从中找出发展规律和可借鉴的经验.在此基础上,针对我国市郊轨道交通发展面临的问题,建议:重视市郊轨道交通的发展,提前做好规划;市郊轨道交通车站应根据沿线客流的需求布设,运营组织应有较大的灵活性,以提高运营效率;由于郊区的建筑密度较低,存在设置较高电压线的防护空间,应尽可能采用城市铁路系统制式.     

Logistical restructuring and road freight traffic growth

The forecasting of road freight traffic has relied heavily on the close correlation between GDP and road tonne-kilometers. It has not been rooted in an understanding of the causes of freight traffic growth. The research reported in this paper has investigated this process of traffic growth in two ways: first, by analysing official data on the production, consumption and movement of food and drink products, and second, by conducting a survey of the changing freight transport requirements of 88 large British-based manufacturers.The analysis of secondary data shows how, in the food and drink sector, the relationship between the real value of output and road vehicle-kms hinges on four key parameters: value density, handling factor, average length of haul and consignment size. An attempt is made to explain variations in these parameters.The survey of manufacturers suggests that the growth of lorry traffic is the net result of a complex interaction between factors operating at four levels of logistical management: strategic planning of logistical systems, choice of suppliers and distributors, scheduling of product flow and the management of transport resources. Changes in the frequency and scheduling of freight deliveries in response to tightening customer service requirements and just-in-time management appear to have become a more prevalent cause of freight traffic growth than the physical restructuring of logistical systems. Manufacturers anticipate that their road freight demand will broadly increase in line with sales and be largely unaffected by road transport cost increases at the levels currently proposed. The paper concludes by examining their likely reactions to a much sharper increase in the cost of road freight movement.     

断口定量分析840D车轮辐板孔裂纹扩展速率

对840D车轮辐板孔疲劳断口形貌进行观察并测量疲劳弧线间距。通过分析认为43 mm是临界裂纹的一个重要参考,同时发现闸瓦制动工况在裂纹的产生和扩展过程中起着重要的作用,并推断出裂纹长度在35 mm内,其平均裂纹扩展速率为31.2 mm/年。     

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR AND C－erbB－2 ONCOGENE PRODUCT IN DEVELOPING HUMAN PLACEN

ＩＭＭＵＮＯＨＩＳＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＬＯＣＡＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＰＩＤＥＲＭＡＬＧＲＯＷＴＨＦＡＣＴＯＲＲＥＣＥＰＴＯＲＡＮＤＣ－ｅｒｂＢ－２ＯＮＣＯＧＥＮＥＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＮＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＩＮＧＨＵＭＡＮＰＬＡＣＥＮＴＡ（马军）（王作清）（苏宝...     

舰用907A钢结构高频疲劳裂纹扩展试验研究

采用预制缺口的舰体结构试样,对舰用907A钢在拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展规律进行了高频疲劳试验研究,得出在拉伸疲劳载荷作用下舰体结构的裂纹扩展规律,模拟了舰船在航行时波浪交变载荷对舰船结构的破坏作用,试验结果对预报破损舰船在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况具有参考作用。     

Relationships between Microbial Growth Parameters and Shelf Life of MAP Sliced Onions

Onion (Allium Cepa L.), abundant in essen-tial minerals and trace elements, is favorable in theworld. Fresh sliced onions could be eaten either di-rectly or after processed. These fresh cut onionsare very acceptable by consumers who look forhealthy food and have little preparation time[1]. Storage of intact onions has been widely stud-ied. Croci et al.[2]studied the effects of irradiationand long-term storage on the quality of Valencianasintética 14 onion variety during two consecutiveyears…     

复杂载荷作用下潜艇结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法

统一疲劳裂纹扩展模型是课题组在McEvily模型基础上提出来的,它将疲劳裂纹扩展的3个扩展区域统一起来,并能解释更多的疲劳试验现象.本文介绍了统一疲劳裂纹扩展模型的基本表达式.将此模型与焊缝焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法结合起来,探讨复杂载荷作用下潜艇结构疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法.将服从Weibull分布的随机载荷系列编排为升序、降序载荷谱及随机载荷谱,预报潜艇锥柱结合壳焊缝焊趾处表面裂纹在3种载荷谱下的疲劳裂纹扩展情况,并分析随机载荷谱下载荷次序效应及初始裂纹尺寸对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,载荷次序效应对潜艇结构疲劳寿命的影响很明显,且合理的确定初始裂纹尺寸对潜艇结构的疲劳寿命预报是非常重要的.     

2011年世界船舶市场评述与未来展望

在"增长放缓、风险增大"的2011年全球经济环境下,世界航运市场受"运力投放无休、运营成本增加"的影响而表现为"低迷不振"。新船的不断交付也使世界商船队年轻化势不可挡。新船建造市场同比有所下滑,液货船和散货船表现不佳,集装箱船和海工市场表现较好,新船价格呈现小幅下调趋势。预计2012年世界船市在三大主力船型上仍不容乐观,海工市场继续有尚佳表现。     

基于成长模型的吹填土软基沉降预测方法研究*

堆载预压和真空堆载联合预压处理吹填淤泥软基沉降变化规律与3种"S"型成长曲线变化规律相似。影响软基沉降发展规律的因素很多,3种成长曲线沉降预测模型仅反映了沉降发展规律中一种或几种信息特征,将各种单项预测模型进行组合,引入了变权"S"型成长曲线组合模型,结合围海造陆工程实例,对吹填淤泥软基沉降进行预测,结果表明:变权组合沉降预测模型预测未来沉降与实测值十分吻合,预测精度较单项模型高,采用该模型进行吹填淤泥软基沉降预测是可行的。     

肘板趾端表面裂纹在随机波浪载荷作用下的疲劳扩展预报

肘板趾端是船舶与海洋结构的疲劳热点。文章用三维有限元分析了趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子修正系数的变化规律,并与BS7910推荐的典型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子公式计算结果作了对比,结果表明趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子沿深度方向的放大系数和T型节点相差很小,而表面端点应力强度因子修正系数则当裂纹长度在肘板厚度范围内时和T型节点相差很小,超出后则相差较大。以某客滚船上肘板趾端应力范围长期分布服从Weibull分布,产生系列均值为零的应力幅,应力强度因子分别采用有限元结果和BS7910中T型接头公式进行计算,采用单一曲线模型计算该趾端表面裂纹的裂纹扩展。计算等效应力强度因子幅时,考虑焊接残余应力的影响。计算结果表明以T型接头的公式计算趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子和有限元结果相差很小。建议将T型节点表面裂纹应力强度因子计算公式用于趾端表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算,并采用单一曲线模型对随机波浪载荷下作用下船舶典型节点疲劳裂纹的扩展寿命进行了预报。