科研院所科研项目的柔性量化管理方案探讨

深入分析科研院所科研项目管理中存在的问题。在分析管理粗放化、生产资源利用率低等弊端的基础上,运用精细化、效益型管理思想,借助计算机辅助手段,提出一种能够适应小批量、多品种科研项目管理的柔性量化管理方案。据此可清楚、准确掌握未来各个时间段的工作量与人力资源和生产资源匹配情况,进而达到合理调整,优化科研项目生产计划的目的。     

爆炸作用下钢绞线斜拉索破坏模式和剩余承载性能试验

为研究爆炸荷载作用下斜拉桥钢绞线斜拉索的破坏模式和剩余承载性能,开展了8根15.7-7钢绞线斜拉索试件的野外爆炸试验以及爆炸损伤钢绞线的静力轴向拉伸试验,得到了钢绞线斜拉索在接触爆炸及近距离爆炸作用下的破坏形态和损伤钢绞线的剩余承载力;并根据断丝数量和承载力损失定量比较了高密度聚乙烯护套(HDPE)、单层钢管护套(SST)、双层钢管护套(DST)以及泡沫铝夹层钢管护套(FAFST)4种不同防护措施的抗爆防护效果。研究结果表明：在接触/近距离爆炸作用下,钢绞线斜拉索的损伤破坏主要表现为正对爆炸作用区域部分钢丝断裂和局部横向变形;采用FAFST防护可以有效地改善钢绞线斜拉索的破坏程度,HDPE防护效果有限;相较于无防护的祼索,SST与DST防护反而加剧了斜拉索试件的损伤程度;爆炸损伤钢绞线的剩余承载力与剩余钢丝数量成正比。基于试验结果和回归分析方法,提出了爆炸损伤钢绞线斜拉索剩余承载力评估的实用公式,可以在爆炸灾害后根据钢绞线断丝破坏情况,快速评估斜拉索的剩余承载能力。     

钢-混组合梁桥面板-防撞护栏一体化钢模板设计分析

以嘉兴市市区快速路环线工程中某联钢-混组合梁桥施工时需要跨越某汽车4S店实例为背景,设计了桥面板-防撞护栏一体化钢模板,施工时先后作为桥面板和防撞护栏混凝土浇筑模板,可有效防止桥面坠物并保证施工安全。结合工程特点,对一体化钢模板进行了参数化设计,证实了该类型模板的适用性,得出了具有一定参考价值的结论。     

线缆打圈对船体材料磁化影响的数值模拟

为评估船用焊机等电气设备线缆打圈对船体材料的磁化影响,阐述线圈电磁计算的要点,建立有限元模型。对不同高度、不同直径和不同安匝数的直流线圈模型进行数值模拟,得到多个条件下的线圈中心最大磁场强度。对比文献,得到不同条件下最大磁场强度对船体材料的影响。结果表明,即使在典型工况条件下,线缆打圈仍会对船体材料会产生不可忽略的磁化影响,在实船建造时应注意规避。     

大水位差港口客运缆车控制系统方案设计

针对大水位差港口的水文特征和地理特征 ,提出了其客运缆车控制系统的技术方案。该方案运用先进的控制技术和网络通信技术 ,大大加强了对缆车的运行管理和监控力度 ,提高了安全性和可靠性     

基坑失稳及加固措施技术分析

基坑在支护完成后放置过程中，会出现局部变形过大和失稳现象。为解决变形和失稳问题分别采取了处理措施。经处理后变形过大的区段得到了有效控制，基坑顺利完成了后续施工。     

Coupled vibration analysis of Maglev vehicle-guideway while standing still or moving at low speeds

Dynamic instability, that is, resonance, may occur on an electromagnetic suspension-type Maglev that runs over the elevated guideway, particularly at very low speeds, due to the flexibility of the guideway. An analysis of the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and guideway is required at the design stage to investigate such instability, setting slender guideway in design direction for reducing construction costs. In addition, it is essential to design an effective control algorithm to solve the problem of instability. In this article, a more detailed model for the dynamic interaction of vehicle/guideway is proposed. The proposed model incorporates a 3D full vehicle model based on virtual prototyping, flexible guideway by a modal superposition method and levitation electromagnets including feedback controller into an integrated model. By applying the proposed model to an urban Maglev vehicle newly developed for commercial application, an analysis of the instability phenomenon and an investigation of air gap control performance are carried out through a simulation.     

Investigation of the effects of sleeper-passing impacts on the high-speed train

The sleeper-passing impact has always been considered negligible in normal conditions, while the experimental data obtained from a High-speed train in a cold weather expressed significant sleeper-passing impacts on the axle box, bogie frame and car body. Therefore, in this study, a vertical coupled vehicle/track dynamic model was developed to investigate the sleeper-passing impacts and its effects on the dynamic performance of the high-speed train. In the model, the dynamic model of vehicle is established with 10 degrees of freedom. The track model is formulated with two rails supported on the discrete supports through the finite element method. The contact forces between the wheel and rail are estimated using the non-linear Hertz contact theory. The parametric studies are conducted to analyse effects of both the vehicle speeds and the discrete support stiffness on the sleeper-passing impacts. The results show that the sleeper-passing impacts become extremely significant with the increased support stiffness of track, especially when the frequencies of sleeper-passing impacts approach to the resonance frequencies of wheel/track system. The damping of primary suspension can effectively lower the magnitude of impacts in the resonance speed ranges, but has little effect on other speed ranges. Finally, a more comprehensively coupled vehicle/track dynamic model integrating with a flexible wheel set is developed to discuss the sleeper-passing-induced flexible vibration of wheel set.     

Flexible feeder transit route design to enhance service accessibility in urban area

To improve the accessibility of transit system in urban areas, this paper presents a flexible feeder transit routing model that can serve irregular‐shaped networks. By integrating the cost efficiency of fixed‐route transit system and the flexibility of demand responsive transit system, the proposed model is capable of letting operating feeder busses temporarily deviate from their current route so as to serve the reported demand locations. With an objective of minimizing total bus travel time, a new operational mode is then proposed to allow busses to serve passengers on both street sides. In addition, when multiple feeder busses are operating in the target service area, the proposed model can provide an optimal plan to locate the nearest one to response to the demands. A three‐stage solution algorithm is also developed to yield meta‐optimal solutions to the problem in a reasonable amount of time by transforming the problem into a traveling salesman problem. Numerical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model as well as the heuristic solution approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

耐久性路面的结构设计

介绍耐久性路面的结构设计原则,并在此基础上提出柔+刚+柔的典型路面结构形式,论述提高沥青混凝土路面强度的措施及质量控制方法。