车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论在现代机车车辆设计中的应用实践

介绍了车辆 轨道耦合动力学理论在新型机车车辆研制中的最新应用情况,包括在200km/h"天梭号"高速机车设计、170km/hSS7E型提速客运电力机车改进设计,以及120km/h提速货运电力机车研制中的应用实践。文章着重从提高高速机车蛇行运动稳定性、改进SS7E型客运机车横向动力性能以及降低提速货运机车轮轨动力作用等方面进行了详细论述。结果表明,车辆 轨道耦合动力学理论在现代铁路机车车辆研制中取得了显著成效,具有广阔的应用前景。     

A study of the environmental impacts of intelligent automated vehicle control at intersections via V2V and V2I communications

This article presents a novel intersection traffic management system for automated vehicles and quantifies its impact on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of CO₂ relative to traditional traffic signal and roundabout intersection control. The developed intelligent traffic management (ITM) techniques, which are based on a spatiotemporal reservation scheme, ensure that vehicles proceed through the intersection without colliding with other vehicles while at the same time reducing the intersection delay and environmental impacts. Specifically, the spatiotemporal reservation scheme provides each vehicle a collision-free path that is decomposed into a speed profile along with navigational instructions. The integration of the developed microscopic traffic simulator with instantaneous emission model, provides improved assessments of the environmental impact of traffic control strategies at intersections. The simulator architecture integrates several ITM algorithms, vehicle sensors, V2V/V2I communications, and emission and fuel consumption models. Each vehicle is modeled by an agent and each agent provides information depending on the specific vehicle sensors. The ITM system is supported by V2V and V2I communications, allowing the exchange of information among vehicles and infrastructure. The data include the estimated vehicle position and speed. Compared with traditional traffic management techniques, the simulation results prove that the proposed ITM system reduces CO₂ emissions significantly. The research also shows that these reductions are more significant when the traffic flow increases.     

基于神经网络的无人无缆水下机器人运动建模与控制技术研究

对自主型水下机器人（ＡＵＶ）神经网络运动模型的结构进行了理论分析和探讨,提出了非完全回归型神经网络、增加积分层的输出层结构及相应的分步式学习方法。对ＡＵＶ运动过程中目标运动路径和目标运动速度的同时跟踪控制进行了系统研究。提出了由主控网络和伴随网络构成的神经网络控制器结构,给出了通过计算机模拟来生成教师样本的方法,提出了预测控制的思想。计算机仿真及水下机器人“Ｔｗｉｎ－Ｂｕｒｇｅｒ”的水池实验结果验证了本文所提出的建模方法和跟踪控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial–temporal demand coverage approach

Vehicle electrification is a promising approach towards attaining green transportation. However, the absence of charging stations limits the penetration of electric vehicles. Current approaches for optimizing the locations of charging stations suffer from challenges associated with spatial–temporal dynamic travel demands and the lengthy period required for the charging process. The present article uses the electric taxi (ET) as an example to develop a spatial–temporal demand coverage approach for optimizing the placement of ET charging stations in the space–time context. To this end, public taxi demands with spatial and temporal attributes are extracted from massive taxi GPS data. The cyclical interactions between taxi demands, ETs, and charging stations are modeled with a spatial–temporal path tool. A location model is developed to maximize the level of ET service on the road network and the level of charging service at the stations under spatial and temporal constraints such as the ET range, the charging time, and the capacity of charging stations. The reduced carbon emission generated by used ETs with located charging stations is also evaluated. An experiment conducted in Shenzhen, China demonstrates that the proposed approach not only exhibits good performance in determining ET charging station locations by considering temporal attributes, but also achieves a high quality trade-off between the levels of ET service and charging service. The proposed approach and obtained results help the decision-making of urban ET charging station siting.     

Exchange rate and transport cost sensitivities of bilateral freight flows between the US and China

This paper explores the long-run impacts of gross domestic product, exchange rate, and transport costs on bilateral air and ocean freight flows between the US and China. The study employs a cointegration framework by using export and import data over the period of 2003:Q1-2014:Q2. Results show that gross domestic product is the key determinant of bilateral freight flows, indicating that real income of a trading partner is a driving force of the bilateral freight flows between the US and China. In examining the sensitivities of the bilateral trade flows, air freight flows are found to be more responsive to a real income change than ocean freight flows. The bilateral exchange rate is a significant factor affecting the freight flows from China to the US, suggesting that a US dollar appreciation against the Chinese yuan increases the inflows of Chinese commodities to the US. The impacts of the bilateral exchange rate and transport cost are found to vary at industry and commodity levels. These findings support the importance of employing disaggregate data in the bilateral freight flow analysis.     

车辆侧翻的运动力学分析及预防措施

车辆转弯发生侧翻是最常见、最严重的交通事故之一。对车辆转弯的4种运动状态进行了力学分析，对“车轮下的奇迹”进行科学的压力测算，提出了防止车辆侧翻的具体措施。     

丰田燃料电池汽车Mirai技术分析

燃料电池汽车因具有零排放、续驶里程长、燃料加注快和噪声低等优势,引起了国内外汽车产商的广泛关注,将燃料电池新能源汽车作为研发的重点,并推出了一些量产的燃料电池汽车。基于丰田Mirai燃料电池汽车,对其技术原理和核心总成部件进行了综述分析,并对燃料电池汽车的发展方向和关键技术问题进行了思考和建议,为读者提供了有益的参考和借鉴。     

纯电动汽车动力电池降温性能研究

为了更好地优化纯电动汽车动力电池系统的加热策略,以磷酸铁锂电池包为研究对象,测试其在3种不同环境温度下的电池降温性能,结合实际环境的影响,建立电池降温速率计算模型并通过测试验证。     

窄轨重载铁路车辆滚摆振动的控制

介绍了澳大利亚昆士兰窄轨铁路在控制重载运煤车辆滚摆振动方面的研究成果.     

Optimal selection of suspension parameters in large scale vehicle models

Optimum values are selected for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of complex car models, subjected to road excitation, by applying suitable numerical methodologies. These models result from a detailed finite-element discretisation and possess a relatively large number of degrees of freedom. They also involve strongly nonlinear characteristics, due mostly to large rigid body rotation of some of their components and the properties of the connection elements. First, attention is focused on gaining some insight into the dynamics of the mechanical models examined, resulting when the vehicle passes over roads involving typical geometric profiles. Then, the emphasis is shifted to presenting results obtained by applying appropriate optimisation methodologies. For this purpose, three classes of design criteria are first set up, referring to passenger ride comfort, suspension travel and car road holding and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. Originally, the optimisation is performed by forming a composite cost function and employing a single-objective optimisation method. Since the design criteria are conflicting, a multi-objective optimisation methodology is also set up and applied subsequently.