Roll- and pitch-plane coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension

Passive fluidically coupled suspensions have been considered to offer a promising alternative solution to the challenging design of a vehicle suspension system. A theoretical foundation, however, has not been established for fluidically coupled suspension to facilitate its broad applications to various vehicles. The first part of this study investigates the fundamental issues related to feasibility and properties of the passive, full-vehicle interconnected, hydro-pneumatic suspension configurations using both analytical and simulation techniques. Layouts of various interconnected suspension configurations are illustrated based on two novel hydro-pneumatic suspension strut designs, both of which provide a compact design with a considerably large effective working area. A simplified measure, vehicle property index, is proposed to permit a preliminary evaluation of different interconnected suspension configurations using qualitative scaling of the bounce-, roll-, pitch- and warp-mode stiffness properties. Analytical formulations for the properties of unconnected and three selected X-coupled suspension configurations are derived, and simulation results are obtained to illustrate their relative stiffness and damping properties in the bounce, roll, pitch and warp modes. The superior design flexibility feature of the interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension is also discussed through sensitivity analysis of a design parameter, namely the annular piston area of the strut. The results demonstrate that a full-vehicle interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension could provide enhanced roll- and pitch-mode stiffness and damping, while retaining the soft bounce- and warp-mode properties. Such an interconnected suspension thus offers considerable potential in realising enhanced decoupling among the different suspension modes.     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

Full vehicle simulation using thermomechanically coupled hybrid neural network shock absorber model

In the case of full vehicle models, the technique of multi-body simulation (MBS) is frequently used to study their highly non-linear dynamic behaviour. Many non-linearities in vehicle models are induced by force elements like springs, shock absorbers, bushings and tires. Commonly, spline functions are used to represent the force responses of these components. If the non-linear relationships are more complicated, the spline approximations are no more accurate. An alternative approach is based on empirical neural networks which are based on the mathematical approximation of measured data. It is well known that neural networks are able to represent and predict complex component responses accurately. The aim of this paper is to perform a dynamic full vehicle simulation using a thermomechanically coupled hybrid neural network shock absorber model. In this shock absorber model, the spline approach is combined with a temperature-dependent neural network. Based on a displacement-controlled excitation on a four post test rig in the ADAMS/Car MBS software, a rugged test track is simulated. In this way, the front and rear shock absorbers are dynamically loaded with comfort-relevant frequencies in the range of 0.75-30 Hz and velocity amplitudes up to 2 m/s. By the simulation, stability of the hybrid neural network model is demonstrated. Furthermore, the damping force, the vertical acceleration of the chassis and the required simulation times are compared. The standard spline approach is used as a reference.     

直线电机在城市轨道交通中的优势及应用

直线电机轮轨交通系统因其工程造价低、线路适应性强等优势，被认为是资源节约型城市轨道交通先进模式。分析了日本、加拿大等直线电机地铁车辆的转向架、牵引和制动等技术的特点和性能，探讨了直线电机在城市轨道交通应用中的经济性和适用性。     

汽车自动变速器整车台架试验设备的研制

针对自动变速器现行试验方式的局限,提出一种能替代道路试验,在整车试验条件下对自动变速器性能进行不解体检测的试验设备的设计方案,论述了其技术原理、结构组成及功能特点,试验考核表明,较路试更为全面、准确、稳定、可靠,具有较高的实用价值和推广应用价值。     

Virtual test rig to improve the design and optimisation process of the vehicle steering and suspension systems

A virtual test rig is presented using a three-dimensional model of the elasto-kinematic behaviour of a vehicle. A general approach is put forward to determine the three-dimensional position of the body and the main parameters which influence the handling of the vehicle. For the design process, the variable input data are the longitudinal and lateral acceleration and the curve radius, which are defined by the user as a design goal. For the optimisation process, once the vehicle has been built, the variable input data are the travel of the four struts and the steering wheel angle, which is obtained through monitoring the vehicle. The virtual test rig has been applied to a standard vehicle and the validity of the results has been proven.     

关于纯电动面包物流车漏雨问题的分析与研究

文章针对纯电动面包物流车淋雨密封存在的一些漏雨问题,阐述了现状及典型淋雨漏水点,并分析了其漏水原因及进行了优化改善,进一步提高了其一次性淋雨通过率,明显提升了纯电动面包物流车的淋雨密封品质。     

关于长沙市轨道交通线网规划车辆选型的研究

介绍长沙市轨道交通线网规划车辆选型的研究过程,主要以现行规范、标准为依据,以客流预测为基地,以运能储备率为评价标准。简化了以往车辆选型过多纠结车辆内部技术参数的问题,方法简单清晰。     

基于可拓切换控制方法的智能车辆车道保持系统研究（双语出版）

针对道路曲率变化范围较大时，智能车辆在大曲率道路工况车道保持控制精度低的问题，提出一种基于可拓切换控制理论的智能车辆车道保持控制系统，该车道保持系统由上层可拓控制器和下层控制器两部分组成。在上层可拓控制器中，通过车道线检测得到车辆相对于道路的位置信息和道路曲率信息。根据可拓集合理论，选取预瞄点处横向位置偏差和前方道路曲率值作为可拓集合的特征值并划分可拓集合，求解关联函数，并根据关联函数值将车辆-道路系统状态分为经典域、可拓域和非域。在下层控制器中，在经典域采用基于横向位置偏差和航向偏差的PID反馈控制器，在可拓域中采用基于前方道路曲率的PID前馈-反馈控制器，非域中车辆-道路系统处于完全失控状态，采取紧急制动。2种仿真工况结果表明：相比于单一PID反馈控制，提出的车道保持控制系统，有效抑制了在大曲率道路下的跟踪误差值，提高了智能驾驶汽车在时变曲率的道路工况下车道保持控制精度和工况适应性。     

自动驾驶汽车中乘员在不同座椅朝向下的损伤风险及规避策略

在高度自动化车辆（Highly Automated Vehicle，HAV）中，由于不再需要驾驶人，乘客之间可以实现面对面的交流，这给车辆座椅的布置提供了更大的灵活性。为提高HAV的碰撞安全性，提出使用旋转座椅来改变人体朝向与碰撞方向相对位置的规避策略，其基本思路是在碰撞发生前通过主动改变座椅朝向来降低乘员损伤。首先，利用尸体试验数据对所建立的碰撞模型进行验证；然后，基于4种不同的座椅朝向，利用THUMS^TM人体模型进行初始速度为56 km·h^-1的正面碰撞模拟试验，以确定相对安全的座椅朝向位置；最后，预测座椅旋转过程本身以及旋转至某位置后发生碰撞的乘员损伤风险。在静态正面碰撞中，选择0°、90°、135°和180°四种不同的座椅朝向进行乘员损伤预测和比较，结果表明180°朝向时的乘员损伤风险最小。在此基础上，模拟了200 ms内将座椅旋转±45°和±90°，以及分别在0 ms和100 ms时间延迟后引入碰撞的试验过程。研究结果表明：200 ms能够将乘员旋转±45°和±90°而不引起额外的人体损伤，并且在无时间延迟时，旋转至背对碰撞方向的乘员损伤，比正面碰撞中0°、90°和135°座椅朝向的乘员损伤更低，证明了该损伤风险规避策略的有效性。