Vehicle response-based track geometry assessment using multi-body simulation

The assessment of the geometry of railway tracks is an indispensable requirement for safe rail traffic. Defects which represent a risk for the safety of the train have to be identified and the necessary measures taken. According to current standards, amplitude thresholds are applied to the track geometry parameters measured by recording cars. This geometry-based assessment has proved its value but suffers from the low correlation between the geometry parameters and the vehicle reactions. Experience shows that some defects leading to critical vehicle reactions are underestimated by this approach. The use of vehicle responses in the track geometry assessment process allows identifying critical defects and improving the maintenance operations. This work presents a vehicle response-based assessment method using multi-body simulation. The choice of the relevant operation conditions and the estimation of the simulation uncertainty are outlined. The defects are identified from exceedances of track geometry and vehicle response parameters. They are then classified using clustering methods and the correlation with vehicle response is analysed. The use of vehicle responses allows the detection of critical defects which are not identified from geometry parameters.     

Effect of handling characteristics on minimum time cornering with torque vectoring

In this paper, the effect of both passive and actively-modified vehicle handling characteristics on minimum time manoeuvring for vehicles with 4-wheel torque vectoring (TV) capability is studied. First, a baseline optimal TV strategy is sought, independent of any causal control law. An optimal control problem (OCP) is initially formulated considering 4 independent wheel torque inputs, together with the steering angle rate, as the control variables. Using this formulation, the performance benefit using TV against an electric drive train with a fixed torque distribution, is demonstrated. The sensitivity of TV-controlled manoeuvre time to the passive understeer gradient of the vehicle is then studied. A second formulation of the OCP is introduced where a closed-loop TV controller is incorporated into the system dynamics of the OCP. This formulation allows the effect of actively modifying a vehicle's handling characteristic via TV on its minimum time cornering performance of the vehicle to be assessed. In particular, the effect of the target understeer gradient as the key tuning parameter of the literature-standard steady-state linear single-track model yaw rate reference is analysed.     

基于山区复杂路段下的车辆主动限速控制系统研究

山区复杂路段交通事故频发,行车安全问题亟待解决,因此研究该路段下的主动限速控制技术具有重要意义。本文阐述了主动限速控制系统的原理与构成,并且对车辆的运行安全车速进行了分析与建模,提出了主动限速的控制策略。最后通过对该系统软硬件进行了调试,初步验证了其可行性比较合理,能够指导驾驶人的行车安全。     

陕西省高速公路轴载特性区域划分

路面结构设计中一般是结合实测轴载数据计算累计当量轴次,但是新建和改建路面设计中实测轴载数据的调查往往难以实现,导致预测交通量无法准确表征实际交通状况。针对此问题,通过对陕西省18条高速路段的车流量数据和6条典型高速路段的实测轴载数据进行比对,分析其车型分布规律、轴型分布规律以及轴载分布规律的区域特征,为利用轴载特性相似区域的已知轴载调查数据预测交通量提供理论依据。研究结果表明:西安周边地区小客车占比明显高于其他类型车辆占比,通往外省地区拖挂车占比与小客车占比接近;西安周边地区以轻型拖挂车为主,通往外省地区以重型拖挂车为主;2个区域的超载比例差异明显,通往外省地区高速路段的超载比例多数是西安周边地区的2倍。     

新能源汽车购买行为及其环境影响效果研究

为了考量新能源汽车的推广使用对环境的具体影响,对新能源汽车的购买行为和普及率进 行了研究,同时分析新能源汽车在优惠政策条件下在实际路网中的环境影响。首先,对大连市居 民进行了意向问卷调查,建立描述家庭新能源汽车购买行为模型;其次,应用该模型对新能源汽 车在大连市的普及率进行分析;最后,在道路收费优惠政策条件下,考虑新能源汽车的普及率和 出行频率的变化,利用多用户交通平衡分配模型进行实例分析,探索新能源汽车在实际路网中的 排放影响。结果表明,在低普及率情况下,新能源汽车的减排效果并不明显,而在高普及率情况 下,减排效果比较显著。然而,对于交通领域巨大的碳排放体量而言,低普及率带来的碳排放量 下降的累积效应仍是非常可观的。     

基于模糊神经网络的智能车辆循迹控制

为提高智能车辆自主循迹控制的精度,提出了一种基于模糊神经网络控制( FNNC)和神经网络预测( NNP)的智能循迹控制策略。转向控制器的输入量有3个：预瞄点处的横向循迹误差、汽车横摆角速度和侧向加速度。车速控制器的输入量有4个：预瞄点处的面积误差、侧向加速度、汽车侧偏角和转向盘转角。网络训练采用误差反向传播法。仿真与试验结果表明,所设计的循迹控制器通过对驾驶员操作样本的训练,能实现对车辆的车速与转向控制,横向循迹误差和目标车速均比较理想。     

应用ARIMA模式于车辆侦测器数据填补

交控系统是利用各项侦测器或纵坐标名称、单位来进行交通特性搜集的,近年来由于在有线与无线传输的技术上日渐成熟,许多的信息都可以快速的传回至交控中心。但是目前车辆侦测器设置的位置会影响数据收集的准确度,且感应线圈车辆侦测器面临着经常发生数据遗漏。数据产生缺漏对于交通管理决策缺乏效率,而且无法彰显出投资车辆侦测器之价值。为了避免车辆侦测器数据遗漏、断线或数据异常不能使用之情形出现,利用自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)来填补车辆侦测器所遗失的数据,其MAPE值小于20%,故ARIMA模式較平均法更优秀,其係以历史资料来建构,故有相当优良的填补绩效。     

浅析国际货运代理人法律地位认定的若干标准

确定国际货运代理企业的法律地位并依其法律地位承担相应的责任和义务,是我们参与到国际货运游戏规则中的必要条件。本文就中国际货运代理人的法律地位认定的几个标准进行分析,以便国际货运代理人明确其法律责任意识,建立起更好的风险防范机制,实现更安全健康的发展。     

160 km/h高速货车转向架的研制

根据高速货车转向架的运用要求和运用条件,确定了160km/h高速货车转向架的主要技术参数;提出了整体焊接构架式有摇枕转向架的结构形式,介绍了其主体结构情况;结合转向架静强度和疲劳试验、线路动力学试验结果,得出了转向架设计是较为成功的结论。     

Logistical restructuring and road freight traffic growth

The forecasting of road freight traffic has relied heavily on the close correlation between GDP and road tonne-kilometers. It has not been rooted in an understanding of the causes of freight traffic growth. The research reported in this paper has investigated this process of traffic growth in two ways: first, by analysing official data on the production, consumption and movement of food and drink products, and second, by conducting a survey of the changing freight transport requirements of 88 large British-based manufacturers.The analysis of secondary data shows how, in the food and drink sector, the relationship between the real value of output and road vehicle-kms hinges on four key parameters: value density, handling factor, average length of haul and consignment size. An attempt is made to explain variations in these parameters.The survey of manufacturers suggests that the growth of lorry traffic is the net result of a complex interaction between factors operating at four levels of logistical management: strategic planning of logistical systems, choice of suppliers and distributors, scheduling of product flow and the management of transport resources. Changes in the frequency and scheduling of freight deliveries in response to tightening customer service requirements and just-in-time management appear to have become a more prevalent cause of freight traffic growth than the physical restructuring of logistical systems. Manufacturers anticipate that their road freight demand will broadly increase in line with sales and be largely unaffected by road transport cost increases at the levels currently proposed. The paper concludes by examining their likely reactions to a much sharper increase in the cost of road freight movement.