城际直达列车开行方案优化研究

以一定客流时段内城际直达旅客列车开行方案为研究对象，确定列车开行频率和列车编组。对旅客出行的广义费用进行分析，将城际直达客流的广义出行费用分为票价费用、候车时间、延迟费用、拥挤费用。得出了广义出行费用下客流乘车选择的一般规律：选择各列车的客流，其期望出行时间连续分布在所乘列车两侧，各个列车的客流吸引范围具有一致性。建立了以客流总出行费用最小和企业效益最好为目标的优化模型，并对模型进行了分析求解。算例结果表明，列车编组和开行频率是列车开行方案中具有密切联系的两个组成部分，小编组和高密度的开行模式能够显著提高运营服务水平。     

基于FPGA的正弦波逆变控制器

采用移相控制高频链周波变换器(DC-HFAC-LFAC)为主电路拓扑,使用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)作为重要控制芯片的高频链逆变控制器。在控制电路中使用了现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)以实现移相正弦波脉宽调制(SPWM)。与传统控制电路相比具有较大的优势。实验证明通过使用FPGA,此系统变得更加紧凑和可靠。     

适用于电机变速驱动的VSRT电路拓扑分析

电网电压跌落对电机变速驱动设备的影响很大,会使调速装置退出运行,造成生产的中断和经济损失.传统上在输入侧加装动态电压恢复器(DVR)或UPS等设备,但成本很高,因此,对变速驱动器拓扑进行调整,使其具有低电压穿越能力,成为应对电网故障较好的选择.在对国内外变速驱动系统VSRT电路研究总结的基础上,对已有的VSRT电路拓扑进行了分析,说明了各种方法的工作原理,并比较了各自的优缺点.分析表明,蓄电池和超级电容是能量存储的优选设备,使用Boost变换器的拓扑,实现简单,可以较好地提高系统性能和增强VSRT功能.     

Calculation of hydrodynamics for semi-submersibles based on NURBS

Accurate hydrodynamic calculations for semi-submersibles are critical to support modern rapid exploration and extraction of ocean resources. In order to speed hydrodynamic calculations, lines modeling structures were separated into structural parts and then fitted to Non-uniform Rational B-spline （NURBS）. In this way, the bow and stern section lines were generated. Modeling of the intersections of the parts was then done with the universal modeling tool MSC.Patran. Mesh was gererated on the model in order to obtain points of intersection on the joints, and then these points were fitted to NURBS. Next, the patch representation method was adopted to generate the meshes of wetted surfaces and interior free surfaces. Velocity potentials on the surfaces were calculated separately, on basis of which the irregular frequency effect was dealt with in the calculation of hydrodynamic coefficients. Finally, the motion response of the semi-submersible was calculated, and in order to improve calculations of vertical motion, a damping term was affixed in the vertical direction. The results show that the above methods can generate fine mesh accurately representing the wetted surface of a semi-submersible and thus improve the accuracy of hydrodynamic calculations.     

应用频率调制技术减小开关电力变换器的电磁干扰

频率调制技术已应用于减小数百兆赫兹工作频率的数字系统时钟所产生的电磁干扰(EMI).它的工作原理是:通过对初始固定时钟频率进行调制,将单次谐波的能量驱散至某个频带,从而降低处于谐波频率的EMI幅值.当今,随着电力变换器开关频率的提高,应用相关技术来减少开关电源电路的EMI是值得研究的课题.文章提出了利用相应的调制函数进行频率调制的理论基础,分析了不同调制方案及参数情况下减少EMI发射的效果,并且和其他随机调制法进行了比较.用降压变换器对该方法进行了验证试验.此外还对最佳调制函数和参数进行了简要的讨论.     

考虑减振器影响的斜拉桥索力计算

减振器的存在会影响斜拉索的振动频率，从而降低振动频率法计算索力的精度。文中推导了拉索在单侧减振器和对称减振器作用下的索力计算公式，并对某长江公路大桥的索力监测数据进行了计算，检验了该公式的准确性。     

舰舵参数记录分析仪设计与实现

介绍舰舵参数记录分析仪的系统设计原理、记录模块的组成和电路的实现方法。该记录分析仪用于对舰船航行过程中的罗经航向、计程仪航速和GPS舰位等数据进行实时采集和记录,并依据采集数据辨识舰船运动模型参数,以便于操舵控制系统的设计与维修调试。     

大功率变流技术与应用(二)——软开关变流器

传统的硬开关逆变器在转换状态期间存在一些严重问题.高开关频率使电力电子器件遭受高的开关应力和高的开关损耗.此外,很大的du/dt和di/dt引起严重的电磁干扰(EMI),而寄生电容和杂散电感可能在开关过程中产生高的电压和电流尖峰及振荡.采用软开关技术,可以克服这些缺点,消除开关损耗,提高效率;减少开关du/dt,消除相关的EMI和轴承电流.文章着重介绍用于PWM电压源逆变器的两类软开关技术,即谐振中间环节和谐振吸收回路.     

轨道交通直流牵引供电系统中AC／DC变流器的技术性能评估

传统轨道交通直流牵引供电系统采用多脉渡二板管整流器作为主变流器，其性能指标主要依据国标GB10411-2005进行评价。但随着PWM整流技术的发展，该标准对整流器的性能指标评估已显不足。文章从变流器与电力系统、变流器与牵引负载以及整流器自身3个方面对整流器的性能指标进行了分析与评估，并用一个仿真算例验证了这些评估标准的有效性，为推动PWM整流技术在轨道交通牵引供电系统中的应用提供一定的理论依据。     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.