绝热材料下沉对蒸汽管道热损失的影响

文中从绝热材料下沉的角度，利用形状因子法对高温蒸汽管线保温问题进行了探讨。通过理论分析和实验测试，得出了“复合硅酸盐保温涂料＋复合硅酸盐保温型材＋复合硅酸盐保温涂料”的保温结构，可有效改善绝热材料的下沉问题。     

国道217线天山公路溜砂坡病害形成机制分析及防治对策

通过天山公路溜砂坡病害形成条件和影响因素的分析,依据野外观察和室内试验数据,提出了溜砂坡坡体失稳的动力学机制及形成演化规律;同时以K612+750～K613+850特大溜砂坡群为例,对该溜砂坡群的变形破坏机理进行了分析,并基于模糊数学理论及层次分析法对该溜砂坡的危险性进行了模糊评判,提出了治理溜砂坡的初步对策。     

水库水位变化对某岸区公路边坡稳定性影响分析

山区公路经常沿水库修筑,水库的蓄水与放水能引起水位的循环升降变化.水位变化对边坡稳定有较大影响.基于Plaxis有限元软件的渗流计算和边坡稳定的强度折减法计算功能,以一个实际库岸边坡为算例,分析了水位升降变化及下降速率、土体渗透系数、是否考虑超孔隙水压力对边坡稳定性的影响.分析结果表明,当土体设置为排水条件时,不管水位...     

粒料桩复合地基承载力发挥值试验研究

结合实体公路工程,通过现场试验段土压力监测,计算复合地基承载力发挥值;结合破坏模式,对其复合地基承载力发挥值进行分析。研究结果表明:粒料桩复合地基按照土体先破坏计算的复合地基承载力发挥值,接近现场载荷试验结果,复合地基承载力可通过桩墩间土压力进行计算确定;不论是强夯置换砾石墩还是振动砾石桩,其破坏形式是桩（墩）间土先破坏引起的整个复合地基的破坏。     

气液-压溃组合式缓冲装置冲击吸能特性实验研究

动车组用中间车钩缓冲吸能装置主要由气液缓冲器和压溃管组成,为研究其工作场景中动态吸能特性,采用两辆台车与中间车钩连挂,撞向刚性墙进行冲击实验,台车冲击速度分别为7.19、18.7和25.7 km/h 3种工况。冲击作用下,气液缓冲器阻抗力具有明显的动态特性,最大压缩行程的阻抗力随冲击速度提升而增高,可达1500 kN,远高于其静压实验最大阻抗力800 kN;而压溃管动态阻抗力与静压结果基本一致为1500 kN;冲击速度为18.7和25.7 km/h,气液缓冲器压缩行程达到30 mm时,阻抗力达1200 kN,压溃管被触发压溃,气液缓冲器与压溃管同时进入压缩状态,一起压缩变形。     

Investigations on the ship-ice impact: Part 1. Experimental methodologies

In the structural design of the Polar Class ships, glancing impact with ice has been considered as the governing load scenario for dimensioning the bow structure. At present, non-linear transient dynamic analysis has been reckoned as a fundamental requirement in the assessment of the structural strength of ships with higher ice classes. Under such requirement, understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the ship-ice impact load appears significant importance. The present study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the impact loads by simulating the glancing impact events between a polar research vessel and giant ice floes in ice tank. The ship-ice impact loads were recorded by a grid-based tactile sensor attached on the bow area of the model ship. To achieve a reasonable simulation on the design scenario described by the IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR I), a series of methodological calibration tests were preliminarily carried out to determine the key parameters that should be carefully monitored and controlled, accompanying with thorough discussions on the ship-ice impact process. This paper provides detailed information on the preliminary methodological calibrations and the tactile data processing techniques, including the identification of the ship-ice contact area, the depiction of the ice loading trail and the outline of the spatial distributions of local ice pressures. A companion paper provides detailed analyses and discussions regarding the spatial and temporal variation of the ice impact loads from the formal tests based on the proposed testing procedures obtained by the methodological calibrations.     

Joint earthquake and wave action on the monopile wind turbine foundation: An experimental study

Offshore wind turbines in regions of active seismicity are under a potential threat caused by the joint earthquake and ocean wave action. Taking NREL-5MW monopile wind turbine as the prototype, this study is devoted to probe the joint action of strong earthquakes and moderate sea conditions. A series of shake table model tests of scale 30:1 have been carried out by the contemporary world unique facility (Earthquake, Wave and Current Joint Simulation System) to investigate the structural response in dry flume, low and high calm water levels, with and without regular or random waves. Particular interest has been in the nacelle acceleration subjected to strong ground motions as well as to random waves. The experimental results of nacelle peak accelerations and corresponding dynamic amplification factors show that the joint earthquake and wave action is important for the proper evaluation of structural response. Ignoring the effect of wave action in seismic analysis will lead to underestimation of structural response, especially when the monopile foundation is dynamically sensitive. The coupling of earthquake and wave actions is sourced not only from the relative velocity of vibration but also from the initial condition induced by waves. It has been also derived that the peak acceleration excited by a moderate sea condition is comparable to that by a moderate earthquake.     

Investigating empirical implications of hysteresis in day-to-day travel time variability

Day-to-day travel time variability plays a significant role in travel time reliability. Nowadays, travelers not only seek to minimize their travel time on average, but also value its variation. The variation in the mean and the variance of travel time (across days, for the same departure time) has not been thoroughly investigated. A temporary decrease in capacity (e.g. congestion caused by an active bottleneck) leads to a quite significant difference in the variance of travel time for congestion onset and offset periods. This phenomenon results in hysteresis loops where the departure time periods in congestion offset exhibit a higher travel time variance than the ones in congestion onset with the same mean travel time. The aim of this paper is to identify empirical implications that yield to the hysteresis phenomenon in day-to-day travel times. First, empirical hysteresis loop observations are provided from two different freeway sites. Second, we investigate the potential link with the hysteresis observed in traffic networks on macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD). Third, we build a piecewise linear function that models the evolution of travel time within the day. This allows us to decompose the problem into its components, e.g. start time of congestion, peak travel time, etc. These components, along with their probability distribution functions, are employed in a Monte Carlo simulation model to investigate their partial effects on the existence of hysteresis. Correlation among critical variables is the most influential factor in this phenomenon, which should be further investigated regarding traffic flow and traffic equilibrium principles.     

基于指定到达追踪间隔的高铁车站接车进路长度研究

确定合理的高铁车站接车进路长度对压缩到达追踪间隔时间有重要意义。本文首先通过构建满足到达追踪间隔时间的高铁车站接车进路长度计算模型,提出了接车进路长度的主要影响因素为由线路限制速度、站前坡坡度、制动力使用系数三因素(简称三因素)所确定的车载设备监控制动距离内列车运行时间。然后,通过对常见的线路限制速度、站前坡坡度、制动力使用系数取值下的车载设备监控制动距离内列车运行时间进行牵引计算仿真,并运用三因素方差分析法分析了三因素的影响显著度,得到了线路限制速度、站前坡坡度对高铁车站接车进路长度影响显著的结论。最后,基于高铁车站接车进路长度计算模型,得到了一组指定到达追踪间隔下的高铁车站接车进路长度表,为高铁车站设计提供思路。     

水中悬浮隧道受撞击作用的数值分析

针对水中悬浮隧道在偶然状况下受到的潜艇撞击问题,文章采用流固耦合方法,建立了撞击作用下浮筒式悬浮隧道的有限元动态模型,分别撞击跨中、隧道四分之一跨、浮筒,分析隧道变形、撞击力、连接钢管拉杆力、隧道端部约束力、隧道动能情况。结果表明:撞击作用下,隧道整体变形明显,结构内力大。不同撞击位置处,悬浮隧道在水下的结构变形和受力行为区别明显。对此,有必要考虑撞击位置进行悬浮隧道的抗撞击设计。