浅析电动汽车中的再生制动

电动汽车可以实现再生制动。本文对变频器再生制动的原理、应用进行详细的阐述,并通过仿真加以证明。     

车用永磁式缓速器制动力矩的计算方法

为了优化永磁式缓速器的结构参数和提高永磁式缓速器的制动性能, 应用复矢量磁位方法, 分析了缓速器内部的磁位分布, 计算了转子鼓中的涡流损耗, 推导了永磁式缓速器的制动力矩计算公式, 以反映永磁式缓速器制动力矩与各设计参数之间的相互关系。复矢量计算方法的计算结果与缓速器台架试验结果比较和分析表明, 试验值与理论值吻合较好, 最大误差不大于6%, 采用复矢量磁位计算方法计算永磁式缓速器制动力矩具有很好的逼近效果。     

缓行器对汽车制动稳定性影响评价

提出了装用缓行器后汽车前后制动力分配的广义I曲线概念, 导出了同步附着系数的计算公式。建立了带缓行器汽车的制动力与广义I曲线匹配的定性评价法和定量评价法, 从而能从制动稳定性角度对缓行器制动力匹配的优劣程度给出评价。     

Mental models of driving and speed: biases,choices and reality

This paper provides a review of research performed by Svenson with colleagues and others work on mental models and their practical implications. Mental models describe how people perceive and think about the world including covariances and relationships between different variables, such as driving speed and time. Research on mental models has detected the time-saving bias [Svenson, O. (1970). A functional measurement approach to intuitive estimation as exemplified by estimated time savings. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 204–210]. It means that drivers relatively overestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from an already high speed, for example, 90–130?km/h, and underestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from a low speed, for example, 30–45?km/h. In congruence with this finding, mean speed judgments and perceptions of mean speeds are also biased and higher speeds given too much weight and low speeds too little weight in comparison with objective reality. Replacing or adding a new speedometer in the car showing min per km eliminated or weakened the time-saving bias. Information about braking distances at different speeds did not improve overoptimistic judgments of braking capacity, but information about collision speed with an object suddenly appearing on the road did improve judgments of braking capacity. This is relevant to drivers, politicians and traffic regulators.     

System energy optimisation strategies for metros with regeneration

Energy and environmental sustainability in transportation are becoming ever more important. In Europe, the transportation sector is responsible for about 30% of the final end use of energy. Electrified railway systems play an important role in contributing to the reduction of energy usage and CO₂ emissions compared with other transport modes. For metro-transit systems with frequently motoring and braking trains, the effective use of regenerated braking energy is a significant way to reduce the net energy consumption. Although eco-driving strategies have been studied for some time, a comprehensive understanding of how regeneration affects the overall system energy consumption has not been developed. This paper proposes a multi-train traction power network modelling method to determine the system energy flow of the railway system with regenerating braking trains. The initial results show that minimising traction energy use is not the same as minimising the system energy usage in a metro system. An integrated optimisation method is proposed to solve the system energy-saving problem, which takes train movement and electrical power flow into consideration. The results of a study of the Beijing Yizhuang metro line indicate that optimised operation could reduce the energy consumption at the substations by nearly 38.6% compared to that used with the existing ATO operation.     

70 t级新型通用货车制动系统方案探讨

针对70t级新型通用货车对制动系统的要求,分析了现有制动系统的不适应性,并提出了新型制动系统的构想。     

EQ6110混合动力电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究

分析了电机再生制动对车辆制动性能的影响以及典型城市公交客车运行工况特点，提出了适于EQ6110HEV的再生制动控制策略——低制动强度时优先采用再生制动，高强度时按比例复合再生制动与摩擦制动。仿真计算表明：在各种循环工况下，EQ6110HEV采用这种再生制动控制策略均有较好的节能效果，可降低能耗10％～25％。     

基于BP神经网络的列车制动控制仿真研究

针对列车制动过程存在的复杂性、非线性、时变性、不确定性等因素,通过分析影响建立BP神经网络模型的主要因素,建立了用于列车制动控制的BP神经网络模型。以货物列车为仿真对象,在Matlab环境中进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该方法控制安全性好、停车误差小,基于BP神经网络的智能算法运用于列车制动控制是可行的。     

地铁车辆计算黏着系数的取值探讨

介绍了地铁车辆计算黏着系数取值的影响因素及计算方法,并根据广州地铁二号线车辆的情况举实例进行说明。     

地铁车辆车轮踏面异常磨耗原因初探

运营速度80 km/h常规城轨车辆的基础制动方式基本采用踏面制动+合成闸瓦,文章针对城轨车辆合成闸瓦对车轮踏面磨耗的影响、制动力分配方式对踏面磨耗的影响、闸瓦与车轮的匹配及热负荷计算等进行了分析研究,探讨了造成地铁车辆踏面异常磨耗的原因。