技术站布局的双层规划优化方法

铁路技术站的合理布局是铁路部门有效完成运输任务的基本保证,将技术站布局问题分解为技术站选址、技术站建设规模、车流组织优化3个相互关联的子问题,建立技术站布局的双层规划模型,通过对技术站选址方案的枚举和上、下两层规划的迭代求解,有效地将技术站布局问题转化为一系列相对独立的子问题来解决。实际应用表明,采用技术站布局的双层规划优化方法运算快捷,计算结果合理,对技术站布局提供了理想的决策支持。     

Dynamics of railway freight vehicles

This paper summarises the historical development of railway freight vehicles and how vehicle designers have tackled the difficult challenges of producing running gear which can accommodate the very high tare to laden mass of typical freight wagons whilst maintaining stable running at the maximum required speed and good curving performance. The most common current freight bogies are described in detail and recent improvements in techniques used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of railway vehicles are summarised and examples of how these have been used to improve freight vehicle dynamic behaviour are included. A number of recent developments and innovative components and sub systems are outlined and finally two new developments are presented in more detail: the LEILA bogie and the SUSTRAIL bogie.     

大轴重条件下重载铁路路基变形特性研究

随着重载铁路列车轴重的不断增加,作用于路基上动应力也随之增大,进而引起路基塑性变形和弹性变形的增大,严重影响了列车的安全运行。通过对路基现场动态测试和室内分级加载动三轴试验,分析了不同压实度的重载铁路路基土体的塑性变形和弹性变形随动应力增大的变化规律,为预测轴重增加条件下的路基稳定性及变形的发展规律提供依据。     

The stability mechanism and its application to heavy-haul couplers with arc surface contact

To investigate the stability mechanism of a type of heavy-haul coupler with arc surface contact, the force states of coupler were analysed at different yaw angles according to the friction circle theory and the structural characteristics of this coupler were summarised. A multi-body dynamics model with four heavy-haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability was tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the coupler stability. The results show that this coupler exhibits the self-stabilisation and less lateral force at a small yaw angle. The yaw angle of force line is less than the actual coupler yaw angle which reduces the lateral force and the critical instability. An increase in the friction coefficient of the arc contact surfaces can improve the stability of couplers. The friction coefficient needs to be increased with the increase in the maximum coupler longitudinal compressive force. The stability of couplers is significantly enhanced by increasing the secondary suspension stiffness and reducing the clearance of the lateral stopper of the locomotives. When the maximum coupler compressive force reaches 2500 kN, the required friction coefficient reduces from 0.6 to 0.35, which notably lowers the derailment risk caused by the coupler. The critical instability angle of the coupler mainly depends on the arc contact friction coefficient. When the friction coefficient is 0.3, the critical instability angle was 4–4.5°. The simulation results are consistent with the locomotive line tests. These studies establish meaningful improvements for the stability of couplers and match the heavy-haul locomotive with its suspension parameters.