铁路环境噪声对居民影响调查方法探讨

为了能够客观地反映噪声强度和居民主观反应之间的关系，使现场实测值接近被调查者所接受的噪声现状，合理地设计调查表，通过受试者对各种问题的回答来客观地描述自己的感受，减少个体之间的差异。着重探讨铁路环境噪声影响主、客观调查内容和方法。结论是：主观询问调查采用发收调查表的形式。客观测量方法根据与铁路垂直及平行楼群的不同要求按有关国标进行测量。     

高速公路绿化降噪效果的心理感受调查与分析

以南京机场高速和江苏淮盐高速盐城段的典型路侧绿化带为对象,重点探讨了高速公路降噪林带的结构、郁闭度、季节等因素与绿化降噪心理的作用关系。结果表明,郁闭度较大的混合型结构林带对心理烦恼度的改善作用较大,夏季对心理改善的程度较冬季明显。     

级配碎石基层施工关键技术

对级配碎石基层的级配和施工工艺进行了系统的研究,并通过对比5种试验路方案来确定级配碎石基层与沥青混凝土中面层之间的黏结层,即:煤油稀释沥青透层、SBR改性乳化沥青黏层油、煤油稀释沥青透层+SBR改性乳化沥青黏层油、煤油稀释沥青透层+SBS改性沥青碎石封层、高渗透乳化沥青透层油的使用效果,最终推荐采用高渗透乳化沥青透层油的黏结层方案,并得出了一些关于级配碎石基层施工的关键技术成果。     

基于EPS减荷措施的高填涵洞试验研究

通过大型高填方涵洞原位减荷试验，对采用EPS减荷材料下的土压力和位移进行了监测，将来减荷情况与不同厚度EPS减荷情况下的结果进行了对比分析，并采用Marc有限元分析软件对其进行了数值仿真，研究了EPS材料的减荷特性及减荷后涵洞结构相关性状的变化规律。结果表明：EPS减荷效果显著，减荷后涵洞结构受力有所改善．为工程设计与施工提供了有效的指导和参考依据。     

Guidance for new policy developments on railway noise and vibration

Noise and vibration are two of the main problems associated with railways in residential areas. To ensure quality of life and well-being of inhabitants living in the vicinity of railway paths, it is important to evaluate, understand, control and regulate railway noise and vibration. Much attention has been focused on the impact of noise from railway traffic but the consideration of railway-induced vibration has often been neglected. This paper aims to provide policy guidance based on results obtained from the analyses of relationships estimated from ordinal logit models between human response, railway noise exposure and railway vibration exposure. This was achieved using data from case studies comprised of face-to-face interviews (N = 931), internal vibration measurements (N = 755), and noise calculations (N = 688) collected within the study “Human Response to Vibration in Residential Environments” by the University of Salford, UK. Firstly, the implications of neglecting vibration in railway noise policies are investigated. The findings suggest that it is important to account for railway induced vibrations in future noise and transport policies, as neglecting vibrations results in an underestimation of people highly annoyed by noise. Secondly, implications of neglecting different types of railway sources are presented. It was found that the impact of noise and vibration form maintenance operations should be better understood and should be taken into account when assessing the environmental impact of railways in residential environments. Finally, factors that were found to influence railway vibration annoyance are presented and expressed as weightings. The data shows that factors specific to a particular residential area should also be taken into account in future vibration policies as the literature shows that attitudinal, socio-demographic and situational factors have a large influence on vibration annoyance responses. This work will be of interest to researchers and environmental health practitioners involved in the assessment of vibration complaints, as well as to policy makers, planners and consultants involved in the design of buildings and railways.     

4.6万t大型多功能化学品船船型研究

介绍 4.6万 t大型化学品运输船主尺度分析、船体线型设计及优化试验研究全部结果 ,并提供了实船试航与船模试验结果的分析比较 ,该船与国际上同类船舶比较 ,为经济高效节能船型     

考虑水弹性影响的螺旋桨设计方法研究

船用螺旋桨工作在低速重负荷工况、或采用大侧斜几何型式或采用复合材料时,其流固耦合现象较为突出,螺旋桨设计中若无法准确考虑其间的水弹性影响,将会造成船机桨失配及实船推进性能的错误预报。文章基于螺旋桨环流理论设计方法、螺旋桨流固耦合算法以及逐步逼近法,形成了一套可考虑水弹性影响的螺旋桨设计方法,重点讨论了流固耦合中水动力载荷更新方式、逐步逼近法中预变形松弛因子的选择对设计结果的影响。通过大侧斜螺旋桨及复合材料螺旋桨设计实例,进一步阐述了在螺旋桨设计中考虑水弹性的必要性,也验证了所开发设计平台的有效性。该设计平台为后续复合材料螺旋桨的优化设计提供了基础。     

高架轨道交通低频噪声对居民烦恼度影响研究

针对目前我国城市轨道交通发展中日益凸显的噪声问题,对高架城市轨道交通线路噪声影响沿线居民烦恼度的现状进行了研究。采用社会调查法,在高架城市轨道交通沿线开展了居民主观烦恼度问卷调查以及现场噪声监测,获得了相关主客观数据,并与预测的主观烦恼度相对比。分析研究表明,调查获得的噪声烦恼阈值为53 d BA,大于实际监测噪声,但由于高架城市轨道交通沿线低频噪声较为显著,因此仍能引起沿线居民较大的烦恼反应。     

山城轨道交通隧道下穿铁路施工措施研究

为探讨山城轨道交通隧道下穿铁路施工措施,依托重庆市轨道交通1号线中梁山隧道进口下穿襄渝铁路2号线段,通过理论分析和数值模拟等手段,对下穿段施工方法、施工地表变形、火车荷载对初期支护安全性影响进行研究。主要研究结论如下： 1）富水强风化泥岩段隧道施工应做好防水排水系统的设置,适时施作超前支护并尽快封闭断面; 2）在下穿段选用三台阶七步法,既可满足沉降限值的要求,又可提高效率、节省成本; 3）火车荷载会影响隧道结构的承载能力,在埋深19 m的富水强风化泥岩中施工地铁隧道,初期支护结构安全性仍能满足要求; 4）通过现场实测,证明施工沉降控制效果明显,保障了襄渝铁路2号线的运营安全;5）为类似施工采取相应措施控制地表沉降,保护周边铁路及隧道结构的安全提供了一定的理论依据。     

加纳特码项目桩基工程选锤及停锤标准介绍

加纳特码新集装箱码头后轨道梁基础采用钢管桩结构,设计桩端土层为强风化片麻岩。本文首先详细地介绍了本项目的工程地质特点和锤型选择过程,通过理论公式和试沉桩确定了以贯入度控制的停锤标准,进一步用高应变动力检测试验和静载荷试验进行复核并对ENR公式进行修正,为今后类似土层沉桩施工提供一定参考。