Actively controlled vehicle suspension with energy regeneration capabilities

The paper presents an innovative dual purpose automotive suspension topology, combining for the first time the active damping qualities with mechanical vibrations power regeneration capabilities. The new configuration consists of a linear generator as an actuator, a power processing stage based on a gyrator operating under sliding mode control and dynamics controllers. The researched design is simple and energetically efficient, enables an accurate force–velocity suspension characteristic control as well as energy regeneration control, with no practical implementation constraints imposed over the theoretical design. Active damping is based on Skyhook suspension control scheme, which enables overcoming the passive damping tradeoff between high- and low-frequency performance, improving both body isolation and the tire's road grip. The system-level design includes configuration of three system operation modes: passive, semi–active or fully active damping, all using the same electro-mechanical infrastructure, and each focusing on different objective: dynamics improvement or power regeneration. Conclusively, the innovative hybrid suspension is theoretically researched, practically designed and analysed, and proven to be feasible as well as profitable in the aspects of power regeneration, vehicle dynamics improvement and human health risks reduction.     

Stability enhancement and fuel economy of the 4-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicles by optimal tyre force distribution

In this paper, vehicle stability control and fuel economy for a 4-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle are investigated. The integrated controller is designed within three layers. The first layer determines the total yaw moment and total lateral force made by using an optimal controller method to follow the desired dynamic behaviour of a vehicle. The second layer determines optimum tyre force distribution in order to optimise tyre usage and find out how the tyres should share longitudinal and lateral forces to achieve a target vehicle response under the assumption that all four wheels can be independently steered, driven, and braked. In the third layer, the active steering, wheel slip, and electrical motor torque controllers are designed. In the front axle, internal combustion engine (ICE) is coupled to an electric motor (EM). The control strategy has to determine the power distribution between ICE and EM to minimise fuel consumption and allowing the vehicle to be charge sustaining. Finally, simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment show that the proposed structure could enhance the vehicle stability and fuel economy in different manoeuvres.     

Effective assessment of tyre–road friction coefficient using a hybrid estimator

Vehicle stability and active safety control depend heavily on tyre forces available on each wheel of a vehicle. Since tyre forces are strongly affected by the tyre–road friction coefficient, it is crucial to optimise the use of the adhesion limits of the tyres. This study presents a hybrid method to identify the road friction limitation; it contributes significantly to active vehicle safety. A hybrid estimator is developed based on the three degrees-of-freedom vehicle model, which considers longitudinal, lateral and yaw motions. The proposed hybrid estimator includes two sub-estimators: one is the vehicle state information estimator using the unscented Kalman filter and another is the integrated road friction estimator. By connecting two sub-estimators simultaneously, the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the road friction coefficient. The performance of the proposed estimation algorithm is validated in CarSim/Matlab co-simulation environment under three different road conditions (high-μ, low-μ and mixed-μ). Simulation results show that the proposed estimator can assess vehicle states and road friction coefficient with good accuracy.     

伦洲大桥主桥结构设计

伦洲大桥主桥为100 m+2×170 m+100 m空腹式连续梁—刚构组合体系.主梁采用单箱双室截面,主梁上、下弦汇合段采用柔性中板方案;下弦设置顶板束,梁段根部下弦设置腹板下弯束,顶板悬臂浇筑束两两错开布置;上、下弦汇合前施加顶推力并设置临时固结;主墩为实体墩,中主墩固结,边主墩释放,边主墩横向设3排支座,墩顶设临时固结块.0号块、边跨现浇段及合龙段采用支架现浇,其他节段采用挂篮悬臂浇筑.分别采用MIDAS Civil 2010、ANSYS 10.0软件进行主桥总体及局部应力分析,计算结果表明:伦洲大桥各项指标均能满足规范要求,且有一定的安全储备.     

传统轿车搭载混合动力系统整车技术

结合混合动力车工作原理,从动力系统、底盘、整车电子电器等方面,详细说明传统轿车改制成混合动力车所涉及到的整车技术。     

船舶同步发电机励磁系统故障的事故树分析

本文利用事故树分析方法分析了船舶同步发电机励磁系统故障的事故树模型,并对故障做了定性和定量的分析,估算了发电机励磁系统各元件的可靠度和结构重要度。为船舶同步发电机励磁系统的安全评价以及事故分析提供参考。     

基于系统效率最优的CVT混合动力轿车转矩优化分配方法

无级变速器CVT消除了挡位概念,其速比在一定范围内连续可调。配备CVT的混合动力汽车能够实现动力源转矩和传动系统的优化匹配。针对此问题,提出了基于系统效率最优的CVT中度混合动力轿车动力源转矩优化分配方法:。该方法:综合考虑了各个关键部件的效率,以混合动力系统的总体效率为优化目标,以车速、车辆加速度、电池SOC为状态变量,优化分配了驱动工况下各动力源输出转矩,为整车能量管理策略的制定奠定了基础。     

一种混合动力内燃机车控制方法

介绍了一种基于柴油机和动力蓄电池组的混合动力内燃机车控制方法以及混合动力内燃机车电传动系统构成,然后就机车工况控制、蓄电池控制、功率匹配、制动能量回收等方面进行说明,并提出相应控制方法和控制策略.     

基于虚拟激励法的轨道车辆垂向振动响应分析

针对传统的随机振动分析方法计算复杂、计算量大的问题,提出采用虚拟激励法求解轨道车辆的垂向振动响应,建立某型车辆的垂向动力学模型,求解车辆的垂向振动响应并验证模型的正确性.与传统求解方法的计算结果比较表明,虚拟激励法适合于求解车辆的垂向振动响应,并且计算简单.在频域内对车辆垂向振动响应的分析表明:随着车辆运行速度的提高,车体、前后转向架以及一位轮对的垂向加速度的功率谱密度和振动主频均增大,轮对的垂向振动经一系悬挂传到转向架,再经二系悬挂传到车体,其振动频率f降低,振动幅值迅速减小,传到车体上时振动已变得很弱;f＞5Hz时,车体、前后转向架和一位轮对垂向加速度的功率谱密度均随着一系阻尼器两端橡胶节点刚度与一系弹簧刚度比值的增大而增加,尤其是车体和前后转向架的垂向加速度的功率谱密度变化更为明显,因此降低橡胶节点的刚度有利于提高车辆运行的平稳性.     

面向实际交通状态的混合动力汽车能耗和CO2排放模型

由于混合动力汽车与传统燃油车的能耗排放因子具有差异性，导致机动车交通路网能耗排放的量化评估存在不确定性。本文建立混合动力汽车在实际交通状态中的能耗和CO2排放因子测算模型，基于车辆比功率VSP(Vehicle Specific Power)作为车辆行驶状态与能耗排放之间耦合关系的表征参数。通过引入内燃机转速区分内燃机开启和关闭工作状态，并计算内燃机开启状态下VSP对应的平均能耗率，同时，建立能够解析混合动力汽车能耗排放产生机理的VSP分布。通过收集典型行驶工况下车辆测试油耗数据和北京市车辆实际行驶轨迹数据，验证了模型的准确性，并应用模型测算混合动力汽车不同速度区间下的油耗和CO2排放因子。研究结果表明：在城市行驶工况(UDDS)和高速行驶工况(HWY)中，模型测算能耗排放因子与真实值的平均相对误差分别为3.7%和-1.7%，与不考虑内燃机开启状态相比，测算误差减少5.6%和4.3%；在实际交通状态下，采用传统燃油车的测算方法会导致混合动力汽车行驶平均速度为高速区间时油耗和CO2排放量被低估，当行驶平均速度为低速区间时油耗和CO2排放量会被高估。