Socially optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

This study determines the optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that minimizes the daily cost borne by the society when using this technology. An optimization framework is developed and applied to datasets representing the US market. Results indicate that the optimal range is 16 miles with an average social cost of $3.19 per day when exclusively charging at home, compared to $3.27 per day of driving a conventional vehicle. The optimal range is found to be sensitive to the cost of battery packs and the price of gasoline. When workplace charging is available, the optimal electric driving range surprisingly increases from 16 to 22 miles, as larger batteries would allow drivers to better take advantage of the charging opportunities to achieve longer electrified travel distances, yielding social cost savings. If workplace charging is available, the optimal density is to deploy a workplace charger for every 3.66 vehicles. Moreover, the diversification of the battery size, i.e., introducing a pair and triple of electric driving ranges to the market, could further decrease the average societal cost per PHEV by 7.45% and 11.5% respectively.     

山区大跨双层钢桁梁斜拉桥总体方案设计

某山区大桥位于宜昌市五峰县渔洋关附近,是宜都至来凤高速公路(宜昌段)控制性工程,亦是省道242渔洋关绕城段公路关键工程.大桥桥位跨越典型的深切“V”型沟谷,拟采用主跨480 m双层钢桁梁斜拉桥.介绍了大桥的工程概况、主要技术标准及工程特点,并对大桥的总体方案设计进行了论述.     

青岛海湾大桥60m预制箱梁模板结构及安装施工技术

为了提高制梁速度,减小劳动强度及提高机械化程度,整体钢模板在制梁施工中正在逐步地普及应用。主要介绍了青岛海湾大桥60m预制箱梁模板结构及安装施工技术。     

单线大跨度简支钢箱梁系杆拱设计研究

钢管混凝土拱桥在钢管拱肋混凝土灌注过程中存在爆管的可能性,当邻近既有线施工时须考虑其风险。为研究单线大跨度拱桥拱肋内不灌注混凝土的可行性,以丹佛(丹灶—佛山)西站联络线上一160 m简支钢箱梁系杆拱为研究对象,建立空间有限元模型对大跨度简支钢箱梁系杆拱桥进行静力和动力计算,分析结构的受力情况和变形状态。结果表明,该桥的静力和动力特性均满足规范要求。该桥为邻近既有线的单线铁路桥,可选择拱肋内不灌注混凝土,从而使得施工更加方便。     

刚性悬索加劲连续钢桁梁受力特性成桥试验研究

石济客运专线济南黄河公铁两用桥主桥采用了三桁式刚性悬索加劲连续钢桁梁的特殊结构形式,针对此桥梁的结构特点,开展了成桥专项试验研究。首先测试了外荷载作用下桥梁3片主桁挠度及相应杆件应力的横向分配。其次,测试了有砟轨道铁路桥梁正交异性桥面体系在列车局部轮载作用下各构造细节的受力特征。最后,对刚性悬索加劲钢桁梁上弦杆与加劲弦连接处特殊节点的受力特性进行了测试。实测结果表明:桥梁3片主桁横向具有较好的整体性;有砟轨道铁路桥梁的正交异性桥面体系各构造细节均未出现明显的应力集中效应;特殊节点板受力特征与有限元计算结果吻合,连接板圆弧倒角处应力较大。     

三塔悬索桥静动力特性与中塔选型

为探讨三塔悬索桥与两塔悬索桥静动力特性差异与中塔选型, 以泰州长江大桥为原型, 基于有限位移理论建立相应的两塔、三塔(混凝土中塔与钢中塔) 悬索桥的空间有限元模型, 分析了各种结构参数下的静力和地震效应。研究结果表明: 与两塔悬索桥相比, 由于中塔顶缺乏边缆的有效纵向约束, 三塔悬索桥整体刚度较小, 变形较大, 自振频率低; 汽车作用下主缆抗滑、桥塔受力、主梁挠跨比等在常规两塔悬索桥中很容易满足要求的指标, 但对三塔悬索桥却成为控制指标。三塔悬索桥的3个指标都与中塔抗推刚度密切相关, 但其对中塔抗推刚度的需求是矛盾的。“人”字形钢中塔三塔悬索桥的主缆抗滑安全系数为2.17, 汽车作用下桥塔最大应力为182 MPa, 最大挠跨比为1/210, 全部满足要求。可见, “人”字形钢中塔较好地兼顾了3个控制指标的需要, 做到了构件刚度和缆索体系刚度的优化, 是合理的中塔形式。     

多重调谐质量阻尼器对简支箱型梁结构低频振动控制的仿真研究

为了研究MTMD(多重调谐质量阻尼器)对简支箱型梁低频振动的控制特性,首先通过对箱梁结构进行模态分析确定受控模态,利用经典扩展定点理论进行TMD(调谐质量阻尼器)的最优参数设计,并基于位移振幅最小化的原则,建立评价函数分别进行MTMD的最优参数设计;进而利用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行谐响应分析,研究了TMD的设置个数...     

佛山市南庄大桥结构设计与静力分析

基于主跨268 m的佛山市南庄大桥,介绍独塔双索面混合梁斜拉桥的结构体系和施工方案,研究得到该桥合理的成桥状态.在此基础上,分别给出施工状态和成桥状态下的静力分析结果,并对结构的整体稳定安全性进行评估.     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.     

运梁河特大桥转体梁不平衡重称重试验分析

哈大客专运粮河特大桥跨既有线连续梁采用平转法施工,为确保转体顺利进行,转体前进行了T构不平衡重试验分析,文中介绍了一种转体构件不平衡重的测试方法和应用过程。结果表明,方法有效可行,可供同类工程借鉴。