预应力混凝土箱梁损伤后剩余承载力计算及变化规律研究

目前对在役桥梁进行技术状况评定时,往往需采用荷载试验的方法来反映桥梁结构实际损伤所产生的性能退化.然而,荷载试验方法存在费用高、耗时长等问题,进行荷载试验代价巨大,且对于存在损伤的结构具有一定的风险.因此,基于对一新建跨径30 m预制预应力混凝土箱梁进行的足尺模型试验结果,构造定义了2种不同的刚度损伤折减系数,结合规范...     

A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

特大型溶洞隧道综合处治方案及施工技术

为解决岩溶地区公路隧道修建过程中特大型溶洞难跨越的问题,采用理论与现场相结合的方法,综合考虑特大型溶洞的特点与处治难点,提出采用"承载桩基-纵横框架梁板-钢筋混凝土挡墙"组合处治结构与洞渣回填综合处治的方案,在此基础上建立一套以回填为基础、自下而上交叉施工处治结构的施工方法,并提出洞渣回填、承载桩基、纵横框架梁板结构及钢筋混凝土挡墙结构施工等关键技术。现场施工实践证明,该溶洞处治效果良好,能保证隧道施工安全与结构安全。     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

独墩单铰支座曲线梁桥通病分析及治理

针对目前独墩单铰支座曲线梁桥出现的通病 ,就温度对其梁体的变位影响以及预应力等因素对其支座支反力的作用进行了实例剖析。在此基础上探讨此类桥梁的支承体系的病害整治对策 ,并通过加固实例的监测结果予以验证     

低强度桩复合地基处理桥头跳车现场试验研究

介绍了浙江台州浃里陈大桥成功地采用低强度混凝土桩复合地基处理桥头跳车问题，同时通过现场载荷试验、桩顶和桩间土的土压力测试以及沉降观测，较全面地研究了低强度桩复合地基承载力和桩土受力特性以及沉降变化规律，得到了一些可供理论研究和工程实践借鉴的有益结论。     

大粒径碎石桩在桥头软基处理中的应用

大粒径碎石桩能克服由于地基强度较低而难以成桩的问题，它是超软弱淤泥地基土加固处理方法之一。实测资料得到，碎石桩复合地基承载力标准值比天然地基提高了2、8倍左右。实测沉降量比相邻段用砂井加l土工布处理，沉降量减少约30％。地基加固效果显著。实测沉降速率表明，只要大粒径碎石桩施工质量得到保证，路堤填筑期基本上可以不考虑填土速率问题。从桥头相邻两种地基处理方式沉降与沉降速率比较分析得到，碎石桩可起到缓冲过渡区的作用，可减轻桥头跳车问题。介绍了大粒径碎石桩在京珠高速公路广珠段某桥头软基处理中的应用。     

高液限土在路堤填筑中的改良应用

综合处理应用高液限土进行公路建设,可以避免过大的增加工程造价及保证路基的强度和稳定性,结合广西等地区在这方面的实践情况,介绍了利用隔离排水、掺粗粒土、土石混填等方法综合改良高液限土进行路基填筑的经验,分析探讨其可行性,为今后相似情况下的设计或施工提供一定的借鉴。     

模板式钢套箱水下承台施工质量问题及其改进措施

以龙王庙特大桥承台施工为背景,介绍了模板式钢套箱施工的基本工序与施工过程中发生的质量问题,从钢套箱模板受力计算、施工细部措施等方面对承台施工过程中的质量问题进行了分析并提出了相应的改进措施,总结了模板式钢套箱水下承台施工的经验。     

水泥粉煤灰碎石桩复合地基承载力计算公式探讨

水泥粉煤灰碎石桩为高粘结强度刚性桩,相关的检测结果证明其复合地基承载力提高幅度大,远高于《建筑地基处理技术规范》中的公式计算值。因此,有必要对基于刚性桩复合地基及褥垫层的不同形式和受力特性,以及水泥粉煤灰碎石桩复合地基承载力的计算公式加以探讨,从而使其在工程中的应用更加符合实际。