大口径长距离土压平衡式顶管施工技术

我国管道工程施工采用的顶管设备大多有三种类型：Ф1500mm以下用泥水平衡式顶管设备;Ф1500mm以上大多采用土压平衡式顶管设备;Ф2600mm至Ф3000mm为大口径顶管,在一般情况下,超过Ф3000mm应采用盾构机施工。该文以天津市某人防工程的顶管施工技术为例,指出：大口径长距离采用土压平衡式顶管施工,应保证提高整体施工效率,充分发挥设备技术潜能。     

影响水泥稳定碎石配合比设计中强度的因素分析

该文通过有关试验的分析对比,认为：在水泥剂量受限制的情况下混合料的粗细程度、集料的质量、最大干密度的确定等几方面在不同程度上影响水泥稳定碎石基层配合比设计过程中的无侧限抗压强度,并提出一些建议以使室内试配强度达到设计要求。     

Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.     

A bintree energy approach for colour image segmentation using adaptive channel selection

A new hierarchical approach called bintree energy segmentation was presented for color image segmentation. The image features are extracted by adaptive clustering on multi-channel data at each level and used as the criteria to dynamically select the best chromatic channel, where the segmentation is carried out. In this approach, an extended direct energy computation method based on the Chan-Vese model was proposed to segment the selected channel, and the segmentation outputs are then fused with other channels into new images, from which a new channel with better features is selected for the second round segmentation. This procedure is repeated until the preset condition is met. Finally, a binary segmentation tree is formed, in which each leaf represents a class of objects with a distinctive color. To facilitate the data organization, image background is employed in segmentation and channels fusion. The bintree energy segmentation exploits color information involved in all channels data and tries to optimize the global segmentation result by choosing the ＂best＂ channel for segmentation at each level. The experiments show that the method is effective in speed, accuracy and flexibility.     

基于嵌入式系统MiniGUI车载显示界面开发

结合燃料电池电动车研发工作开发基于嵌入式Linux系统的车载显示界面,介绍了嵌入式Linux系统开发的特点及其工具;描述了MiniGUI图形系统的移植和使用方法;给出了在基于S3CA4BOX芯片的硬件平台系统上开发显示与控制终端的过程。试验结果证明了该显示系统的合理性和有效性。     

直喷增压汽油机采用高压缩比技术的研究

通过在1.3L直喷增压汽油机上,采用两种不同的高压缩比进行试验,研究泵气损失变化规律和对热效率的影响。在转速2500rpm-8bar工况下,采用可变气门正时技术调节发动机有效压缩比和膨胀比。结果表明:高的有效压缩比,必须加大节气门开度来减少节流损失,以降低泵气损失;利用高压缩比并采取进气门晚关、排气门晚开的策略的同时,需要兼顾到燃烧稳定性问题:几何压缩比提高以后,发动机不仅热效率得到提升,同时排放物NOx也在降低,但THC排放有所上升。     

基于序列影像种子跟踪的道路线自动提取算法

为快速建立道路精确的几何模型,利用车载移动测量系统获取的序列影像开展了道路边线自动提取方法研究.针对不同类型道路边线的特征,提出了一种基于序列影像种子跟踪的道路线自动算法.首先,对不同质量道路影像分别采用基于灰度信息和梯度信息的道路边线边缘检测方法;其次,采用线性回归模型拟合道路边线,以当前帧拟合直线为种子点,提出了基于种子直线的序列影像感兴趣预测方法,在此基础上对下一帧影像道路边线进行跟踪;最后,以高速公路和城市街区道路序列影像为例,开展了道路边线自动跟踪提取试验,结果表明此方法可以达到优于20 cm的精度,具有很好的鲁棒性.     

Segmentation of complex objects'' sonar images using parameter-fixed MRF model

The effective method of the recognition of underwater complex objects in sonar image is to segment sonar image into target, shadow and sea-bottom reverberation regions and then extract the edge of the object. Because of the time-varying and space-varying characters of underwater acoustics environment, the sonar images have poor quality and serious speckle noise, so traditional image segmentation is unable to achieve precise segmentation. In the paper, the image segmentation process based on MRF (Markov random field) model is studied, and a practical method of estimating model parameters is proposed. Through analyzing the impact of chosen model parameters, a sonar imagery segmentation algorithm based on fixed parameters' MRF model is proposed. Both of the segmentation effect and the low computing load are gained. By applying the algorithm to the synthesized texture image and actual side-scan sonar image, the algorithm can be achieved with precise segmentation result.     

柴油机有效压缩比与参数变化之探讨

探讨双燃循环大型海运低速柴油机其重要参数的名义压缩比与有效压缩比[1]、理想绝热压缩压力与实际压缩压力[2]的差异,利用精确量测间隙容积(Clearance volume),探讨理想与实际的压缩压力比较差异,利用此一正确的机器设计参数,探讨如何加强维持最大有效压缩比以达设计最高压缩压力,提高低速柴油机正常出力。     

视频图像压缩编码标准分析

模拟视频数字化后,数据量巨大。在对其进行实时处理时,对存储容量、传输带宽及计算机的处理能力提出了不切实际的要求,从而使数字化成为不可能。因此,可采用数据压缩技术,将那些对人眼感知图像不太重要的东西和图像中的冗余成分抛弃,从而缩减存储、传输和处理的数据量。这样就出现一系列的视频压缩编码标准。就视频压缩标准,以及图像压缩中所采用的相关技术进行介绍,并重点对MPEG4的原理进行讲解。