2012年一季度我国轿车市场分析及展望

从2012年一季度我国轿车产销量的变化趋势,分析各生产厂家和分排量及分国别的轿车产销情况。指出：2012年一季度我国轿车产销量出现了近年来少有的负增长,预计从二季度开始产销量增幅将由负转正。并预测：2012年我国轿车产销量还将保持增长态势,但增速可能在10%以内,自主品牌轿车的产销量可能出现负增长。     

Social marginal cost pricing and second best alternatives in partnerships for transport infrastructures

According to the economic theory, if all the first-best conditions are met, social optimality involves the prices to be set equal to social marginal costs. When it is not possible to set prices equal to social marginal costs, due to the presence of constraints within the transport sector or distortions elsewhere in the economy, the theory suggests corrections to the SMC principle (second-best alternatives). But the implementation of second best alternatives can give rise to serious problems when transferred from theory to practice. This chapter will discuss in particular the problems that might rise when investment cost are included (totally or partially) in the social marginal costs rules, and in particular when private operators are involved.     

重车过桥提载加固及效果评估

通过模拟重车过桥试验,对桥梁提载加固效果进行了评估。     

The cost of second best pricing and the value of risk premium

Private provision of public infrastructure (PPP) is meant to give incentives to increased efficiency in construction as well in operation and maintenance of the infrastructure e.g. within the transport sector. Efficiency is not only (private) economic efficiency, but also social efficiency e.g. social marginal cost pricing of use of the infrastructure.Is it possible to design contracts concerning payment mechanisms and financial instruments for transport infrastructure that will stimulate social efficiency and optimal allocation of risks between parties? The paper discusses whether different targets can be met and whether compromises may lead to acceptable second best solutions.PPP implies an opportunity to let the user-payment give desired incentives in the form of Social Marginal Cost Pricing (SMCP). A PPP project is a set of contracts and agreements between several parties, including the Government, the private contractor, subcontractors, banks and infrastructure users. These contracts should be designed to give the right incentives to the parties to achieve optimal risk allocation and utilising of resources.Long contract-periods are a common feature of PPPs. The paper examines the way that financial solutions should be designed to achieve the goals for the PPP-projects concerning economic and social efficiency. The expected size and variation of the income stream from the project will influence the loan conditions offered by banks concerning interest rates, guarantees and repayment and also the ability to attract investors. The balance between equity and loans again influences the conditions of the loans. An additional problem is asymmetric information between parties. The private contractor usually knows more about the task than the Government (hidden knowledge), and the Government cannot have full knowledge of the efforts of the contractor (hidden actions).     

新型水轮机聚能导流结构的设计与参数优化

文章以提高叶片姿势可变的水轮机获能能力为目的,结合水轮机的运动规律,提出了一种新的三段式聚能导流结构,借助数值模拟的方法,对不同参数的NACA翼型的增速效果进行了研究,确定了聚能导流结构的具体结构形式。通过改变影响聚能导流结构水动力学性能的几个重要参数,综合实际应用得到了水动力学性能较优的聚能导流结构,确定了导流结构的安装参数和结构参数。     

公路桥梁加固及提载技术的应用

针对我国目前很多公路桥梁出现质量问题而需要维修、维护的现状,以新疆地区在旧桥加固中的实际应用为例,对公路旧桥在加固、提载、拓宽等技术进行了研究.     

体外预应力加固简支T梁桥提载效果分析

以某公路T梁桥提载加固为例,介绍无黏结体外预应力加固设计方案,应用有限元软件计算分析该加固方案在T梁桥加固中的效果,并且通过加固前后的荷载试验进行加固效果的验证,为现役桥梁提载加固设计和施工积累一些参考。     

北京市轨道交通线网客流分布及成长规律

为了应对城市轨道交通快速建设带来的客流规模及分布的变化,有必要对线网客流变化趋势及成长规律进行研究。以北京市轨道交通系统IC卡数据为基础,从客流量的空间、时间分布等角度分析轨道交通网络化运营客流特征。分析轨道交通新线开通产生的诱发客流和转移客流,揭示新线开通对既有线路客流分布的影响。最后,从线网规模、线位、线网布局等方面归纳轨道交通线路及线网客流成长的一般规律。     

Transport pricing and Public-Private Partnerships in theory: Issues and Suggestions

This chapter offers a theoretical examination of the following questions: what are the issues that arise when Social Marginal Cost Pricing is to be incorporated in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs); and how may these issues be dealt with?We first briefly discuss Public-Private Partnerships in transport: what are the defining characteristics and what are the main types that exist in the different modes of transport? Next we consider the economics of Public-Private Partnerships, in particular from the viewpoint of incentives. Subsequently we identify and examine the issues that arise when Social Marginal Cost Pricing is to be incorporated in PPPs as a regulation with regard to pricing in the transport sector. Lastly, we investigate the possibilities of resolving these issues.     

舰用电站柴油机加载过渡工况的性能研究

采用自行设计的过渡工况控制及测量系统,对舰用电站柴油机进行了加载过渡工况下柴油机的空燃比、消光烟度及示功图参数的测试。试验结果表明,随负荷增加率的上升,空燃比减小,燃烧恶化;燃烧始点后移,预混燃烧比明显下降。上述原因导致了在加载过渡工况下,随负荷增加率的升高,柴油机的性能恶化,油耗增加,燃烧噪声变大,排气烟度上升。