论独立院校微观经济学课程中的实践教学

实践教学作为独立院校教育的重要环节,目的是培养学生理论知识与实践相结合的能力,因此如何合理地设置实践教学环节就显得格外重要。文中拟结合笔者的教学实践谈谈对独立院校微观经济学课程实践教学内容设置的看法。     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

论独立董事和监事会在上市公司监督机制中的关系

独立董事和监事会制度在我国上市公司的并存中存在职能定义不清、职能交叉等问题,两种制衡机制在运行的过程中产生许多矛盾。文中分析了我国上市公司的独立董事制度和监事会制度在并存过程中存在的冲突,并对其如何角色定位和如何进行职能协调提出了相应的对策。     

重载货车车轮踏面垂直磨耗原因分析及改进

分析总结了大秦线重载货车车轮磨耗的原因,并针对解决大秦线车轮非正常磨耗提出几点建议。     

新能源微耕机驱动轮设计

为了填补大中型农机难以进入山区田地的缺陷,微型农机的设计研究是非常必要的,微型农机具有节约能源资源,促进农业增产,降低农民的劳动强度提高农业生产的效率的特点,目前自行走微耕机多采用履带式行走机构,该行走机构绝大多数采用整体式橡胶履带,由驱动轮带动橡胶履带板,从而实现整机得移动,前进后退及差速转弯。     

CATERPILLAR824G轮式推土机冷气系统原理及维修

介绍CAT 824G轮式推土机空调冷气装置孔管系统结构,空调控制电路原理及维修经验.     

重载铁路轮轨磨损原因探讨

根据轮轨接触理论，分析了不同轮轨接触几何匹配关系下的轮轨接触应力情况，指出轮轨接触应力、轮轨接触几何关系、轴重是影响重载铁路轮轨磨损的主要因素，从重载运输装备方面提出了减少轮轨磨损的几点建议。     

Dynamics of railway wagons subjected to braking torques on defective tracks

It is well known that track defects cause profound effects to the dynamics of railway wagons; normally such problems are examined for cases of wagons running at a constant speed. Brake/traction torques affect the speed profile due to the wheel–rail contact characteristics but most of the wagon–track interaction models do not explicitly consider them in simulation. The authors have recently published a model for the dynamics of wagons subject to braking/traction torques on a perfect track by explicitly considering the pitch degree of freedom for wheelsets. The model is extended for cases of lateral and vertical track geometry defects and worn railhead and wheel profiles. This paper presents the results of the analyses carried out using the model extended to the dynamics of wagons containing less ideal wheel profiles running on tracks with geometry defects and worn rails.     

A novel fuzzy logic correctional algorithm for traction control systems on uneven low-friction road conditions

The traction control system (TCS) might prevent excessive skid of the driving wheels so as to enhance the driving performance and direction stability of the vehicle. But if driven on an uneven low-friction road, the vehicle body often vibrates severely due to the drastic fluctuations of driving wheels, and then the vehicle comfort might be reduced greatly. The vibrations could be hardly removed with traditional drive-slip control logic of the TCS. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic controller has been brought forward, in which the vibration signals of the driving wheels are adopted as new controlled variables, and then the engine torque and the active brake pressure might be coordinately re-adjusted besides the basic logic of a traditional TCS. In the proposed controller, an adjustable engine torque and pressure compensation loop are adopted to constrain the drastic vehicle vibration. Thus, the wheel driving slips and the vibration degrees might be adjusted synchronously and effectively. The simulation results and the real vehicle tests validated that the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable for a complicated uneven low-friction road.     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.