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采用混合整数优化方法,研究城市公交系统宏观网络优化整合问题. 根据区域间服务水平要求、公交供给能力以及满足一定乘客出行要求,构造公交系统宏观网络优化整合多目标模型,该多目标函数考虑乘客总出行时间成本、各公交方式的建设总费用、各公交方式的能耗和污染物排放总费用、枢纽建设总费用最优;并给出最优解的多方案求解步骤;针对多节点采用Branch-Cut算法进行求解,提高求解效率;通过算例对模型和算法的可行性和有效性进行了验证,说明该算法可得出不同发展阶段下的公交宏观网络最优布局方案;结果表明,提出的模型与算法能对城市公交宏观网络布局提供辅助决策支持.     

BIM 技术在市政改建道路管线综合中的应用研究

随着城市的快速发展,过去规划及设计的道路已经不能满足日趋增长的交通需求,在市政道路改建工程中,管线综合相比新建工程更加复杂,与传统二维设计相比,BIM技术在市政管线综合应用中具有更多优势。利用BIM技术的三维可视化信息、信息共享、碰撞检查等功能对管线综合设计方案进行优化,减少了项目的设计变更,保证项目进度并节约了项目成本。     

A generalized sensor location model for the estimation of network origin–destination matrices

This study examined the network sensor location problem by using heterogeneous sensor information to estimate link-based network origin–destination (O–D) demands. The proposed generalized sensor location model enables different sensors’ traffic monitoring capabilities to be used efficiently and the optimal number and deployment locations of both passive- and active-type sensors to be determined simultaneously without path enumeration. The proposed sensor location model was applied to solve the network O–D demand estimation problem. One unique aspect of the proposed model and solution algorithms is that they provide satisfactory network O–D demand estimates without requiring unreasonable assumptions of known prior information on O–D demands, turning proportions, or route choice probabilities. Therefore, the proposed model and solution algorithms can be practically used in numerous offline transportation planning and online traffic operation applications.     

Online calibration of an integrated framework for information‐based evacuation operations

This study seeks to online calibrate the parameters of aggregate evacuee behavior models used in a behavior‐consistent information‐based control module for determining information strategies for real‐time evacuation operations. It enables the deployment of an operational framework for mass evacuation that integrates three aspects underlying an evacuation operation: demand (evacuee behavior), supply (network management), and disaster characteristics. To attain behavior‐consistency, the control module factors evacuees' likely responses to the disseminated information in determining information‐based control strategies. Hence, the ability of the behavior models to predict evacuees' likely responses is critical to the effectiveness of traffic routing by information strategies. The mixed logit structure is used for the aggregate behavior models to accommodate the behavioral heterogeneity across the population. An online calibration problem is proposed to calibrate the random parameters in the behavior models by using the least square estimator to minimize the gap between the predicted network flows and unfolding traffic dynamics. Background traffic, an important but rarely studied issue for modeling evacuation traffic, is also accounted for in the proposed problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the importance of the calibration problem for addressing the system consistency issues and integrating the demand, supply, and disaster characteristics for more efficient evacuation operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessing carbon emissions from road transport through traffic flow estimators

Carbon emissions from road transport are one of the main issues related to modern transport planning. To address them adequately, the acquisition of reliable data about traffic flow is an essential prerequisite. However, the large quantity and the heterogeneity of available information often cause problems; missing or incomplete data are one of the most critical aspects. This paper discusses how technology handles imperfect information in order to obtain more accurate quantification of CO₂ emissions. First, an analysis of single estimators and combination models is provided, highlighting their main characteristics. Then, the TANINO model (Tool for the Analysis of Non-conservative Carbon Emissions In TraNspOrt) is presented, jointly developed at the University of Seville and at the IUAV University of Venice. It consists of two different modules: the first is a combination model that optimizes the results of three traffic flow single estimators, while the second is a macro-model of carbon evaluation, which takes into account road infrastructure, vehicle type and traffic conditions. TANINO is then tested to calculate CO₂ emissions along the ring road of the Spanish city of Seville, showing its more efficient performance, compared to the single estimators normally adopted for such aims. Transport planning can benefit from the adequate knowledge of traffic flows and related CO₂ emissions, since it allows a more reliable monitoring of the progresses granted by specific carbon policies.     

Construction of traffic state vector using mutual information for short-term traffic flow prediction

Short-term traffic flow prediction is an integral part in most of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) research and applications. Many researchers have already developed various methods that predict the future traffic condition from the historical database. Nevertheless, there has not been sufficient effort made to study how to identify and utilize the different factors that affect the traffic flow. In order to improve the performance of short-term traffic flow prediction, it is necessary to consider sufficient information related to the road section to be predicted. In this paper, we propose a method of constructing traffic state vectors by using mutual information (MI). First, the variables with different time delays are generated from the historical traffic time series, and the spatio-temporal correlations between the road sections in urban road network are evaluated by the MI. Then, the variables with the highest correlation related to the target traffic flow are selected by using a greedy search algorithm to construct the traffic state vector. The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model is adapted for the application of the proposed state vector. Experimental results on real-world traffic data show that the proposed method of constructing traffic state vector provides good prediction accuracy in short-term traffic prediction.     

道路旅客运输企业综合业务应用系统研究与应用设计

如何有效地利用部分分散、孤立、沉睡的信息资源,实现数据的共享是当前道路旅客运输企业信息化建设中亟待解决的问题。本文根据道路旅客运输企业管理需求,梳理了运输企业信息化系统总体设计要求,探讨了总体框架设计、系统技术构架、数据库设计与信息资源共享、综合业务平台与现有系统关联、系统层次结构设计等关键技术,建立了道路旅客运输企业综合业务应用系统平台,实现了企业内部各系统之间、企业上下级单位之间的资源的交互共享,最大程度的提高了数据资源的利用率。     

车载远程智能管理系统在汽车上应用的必然性分析

随着汽车电子技术的发展,智能化信息技术在汽车产业中的应用已成为大势所趋。它能合理、有效地对运营车辆进行监控、管理,规范驾驶员正常驾驶行为,减少因车辆管控不当或驾驶员非规范性行为造成的意外事故,并能降低车辆油耗和改善汽车尾气排放,是汽车产业变革发展所需。     

广州地铁PIDS紧急信息发布功能优化实施方案

随着地铁线网的不断扩大,PIDS(乘客信息显示系统)紧急信息发布功能已经无法满足时效性等的需求,为此,广州地铁将对该功能进行升级改造,将完全集中式改为集中分布式,以适应未来的发展需要。