提高标准件模具寿命的有效途径

在汽车标准件的生产过程中,模具起着主导作用,只有提高模具寿命,才能起到事半功倍的效果。有效提高标准件模具的寿命,除了需要合理选用模具的材料,合理设计模具的结构,做好模具的热处理以及加工与抛光外,还要选用恰当的润滑剂和精度高的设备,同时要加强管理,提高操作者的素质。     

铁路延伸客服系统设计方案研究

随着客运专线铁路及电子商务的兴起，延伸铁路客运服务信息系统将为旅客提供更加便捷高效的服务，介绍了延伸旅客服务信息系统的总体方案及设计。     

基于ANP和粗糙集计算权重的绿色铁路客站评估

建设满足"节能环保"要求的绿色铁路客站,是我国铁路发展的趋势所在,因此铁路客站的绿色等级评估是极有必要的。通过建立绿色铁路客站"四节一环保"评价指标体系,以网络层次分析法(ANP)确定指标主观权重,经典粗糙集理论确定指标客观权重,再通过最小相对熵原理对二者进行优化结合,最后用得出的指标综合权重对银川新铁路客站进行绿色星级评估。结果表明:该权重确定方法既克服了因未考虑各指标之间的依存反馈关系而使主观权重不够准确的弊端,又利用相对熵原理优化并减小了主、客观权重结合的偏差,得出科学合理的组合权重,体现本文指标权重确定方法的有效性和优越性,为更加准确地评估铁路客站的绿色等级提供参考。     

高速公路大型门架式可变情报板（LED）系统探析

通过介绍可变情报板的系统构成、功能、原理，以促进其推广和应用，从而更好地为高速公路安全、高速和畅通的运行提供保障。     

From Twitter to detector: Real-time traffic incident detection using social media data

The effectiveness of traditional incident detection is often limited by sparse sensor coverage, and reporting incidents to emergency response systems is labor-intensive. We propose to mine tweet texts to extract incident information on both highways and arterials as an efficient and cost-effective alternative to existing data sources. This paper presents a methodology to crawl, process and filter tweets that are accessible by the public for free. Tweets are acquired from Twitter using the REST API in real time. The process of adaptive data acquisition establishes a dictionary of important keywords and their combinations that can imply traffic incidents (TI). A tweet is then mapped into a high dimensional binary vector in a feature space formed by the dictionary, and classified into either TI related or not. All the TI tweets are then geocoded to determine their locations, and further classified into one of the five incident categories.We apply the methodology in two regions, the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Metropolitan Areas. Overall, mining tweets holds great potentials to complement existing traffic incident data in a very cheap way. A small sample of tweets acquired from the Twitter API cover most of the incidents reported in the existing data set, and additional incidents can be identified through analyzing tweets text. Twitter also provides ample additional information with a reasonable coverage on arterials. A tweet that is related to TI and geocodable accounts for approximately 5% of all the acquired tweets. Of those geocodable TI tweets, 60–70% are posted by influential users (IU), namely public Twitter accounts mostly owned by public agencies and media, while the rest is contributed by individual users. There is more incident information provided by Twitter on weekends than on weekdays. Within the same day, both individuals and IUs tend to report incidents more frequently during the day time than at night, especially during traffic peak hours. Individual tweets are more likely to report incidents near the center of a city, and the volume of information significantly decays outwards from the center.     

Personalized real-time traffic information provision: Agent-based optimization model and solution framework

The advancement of information and communication technology allows the use of more sophisticated information provision strategies for real-time congested traffic management in a congested network. This paper proposes an agent-based optimization modeling framework to provide personalized traffic information for heterogeneous travelers. Based on a space–time network, a time-dependent link flow based integer programming model is first formulated to optimize various information strategies, including elements of where and when to provide the information, to whom the information is given, and what alternative route information should be suggested. The analytical model can be solved efficiently using off-the-shelf commercial solvers for small-scale network. A Lagrangian Relaxation-based heuristic solution approach is developed for medium to large networks via the use of a mesoscopic dynamic traffic simulator.     

Virtual 3D city model as a priori information source for vehicle localization system

This paper aims at demonstrating the usefulness of integrating virtual 3D models in vehicle localization systems. Usually, vehicle localization algorithms are based on multi-sensor data fusion. Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS, as Global Positioning System GPS, are used to provide measurements of the geographic location. Nevertheless, GNSS solutions suffer from signal attenuation and masking, multipath phenomena and lack of visibility, especially in urban areas. That leads to degradation or even a total loss of the positioning information and then unsatisfactory performances. Dead-reckoning and inertial sensors are then often added to back up GPS in case of inaccurate or unavailable measurements or if high frequency location estimation is required. However, the dead-reckoning localization may drift in the long term due to error accumulation. To back up GPS and compensate the drift of the dead reckoning sensors based localization, two approaches integrating a virtual 3D model are proposed in registered with respect to the scene perceived by an on-board sensor. From the real/virtual scenes matching, the transformation (rotation and translation) between the real sensor and the virtual sensor (whose position and orientation are known) can be computed. These two approaches lead to determine the pose of the real sensor embedded on the vehicle. In the first approach, the considered perception sensor is a camera and in the second approach, it is a laser scanner. The first approach is based on image matching between the virtual image extracted from the 3D city model and the real image acquired by the camera. The two major parts are: 1. Detection and matching of feature points in real and virtual images (three features points are compared: Harris corner detector, SIFT and SURF). 2. Pose computation using POSIT algorithm. The second approach is based on the on–board horizontal laser scanner that provides a set of distances between it and the environment. This set of distances is matched with depth information (virtual laser scan data), provided by the virtual 3D city model. The pose estimation provided by these two approaches can be integrated in data fusion formalism. In this paper the result of the first approach is integrated in IMM UKF data fusion formalism. Experimental results obtained using real data illustrate the feasibility and the performances of the proposed approaches.     

新型舰载ESM信号处理系统

随着雷达技术的发展，电磁环境越来越密集，雷达信号的类型超来超复杂，这就对ＥＳＭ信号处理提出了更高的要求。基于目前ＥＳＭ信号的处理方法，本文提出了一种先进的工程上可实现的新一代舰载ＥＳＭ信号处理系统。     

TMIS应用数据转换工具的设计

根据ＴＭＩＳ的需求，给出了应用数据转换工具系统的总体结构，并在应用环境中实现了该系统。本数据转换系统具有较好的通用性，实时性，可用性，完全可满足ＴＭＩＳ应用的要求。     

Monitoring marine plankton ecosystems: Identification of the most relevant indicators of the state of an ecosystem

The number of variables involved in the monitoring of an ecosystem can be high and often one of the first stages in the analysis is to reduce the number of variables. We describe a method developed for geological purposes, using the information theory, that enables selection of the most relevant variables. This technique also allows the examination of the asymmetrical relationships between variables. Applied to a set of physical and biological variables (plankton assemblages in four areas of the North Sea), the method shows that biological variables are more informative than physical variables although the controlling factors are mainly physical (sea surface temperature in winter and spring). Among biological variables, diversity measures and warm-water species assemblages are informative for the state of the North Sea pelagic ecosystems while among physical variables sea surface temperature in late winter and early spring are highly informative. Although often used in bioclimatology, the utilisation of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index does not seem to provide a lot of information. The method reveals that only the extreme states of this index has an influence on North Sea pelagic ecosystems. The substantial and persistent changes that were detected in the dynamic regime of the North Sea ecosystems and called regime shift are detected by the method and corresponds to the timing of other shifts described in the literature for some European Systems such as the Baltic and the Mediterranean Sea when both physical and biological variables are considered.